中国栗属植物花粉萌发特性研究  

Characteristics of Castanea pollen germination in China

作　　者：田寿乐[1] 孙晓莉[1] 沈广宁[1] 许林[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省果树研究所,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2013年第1期75-80,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201104025-5);山东省农业良种产业化开发项目(2010LZ10-04;2011LZ10-04)

摘　　要：为探讨栗属植物花粉种质资源保存和利用方式,以中国栗属植物4个种的花粉为材料,采用室内培养方法,研究了不同花粉萌发率的变化规律。结果表明:4种栗属植物花粉形状基本一致,均为长椭圆形,经P×E测算,花粉粒大小依次为板栗、茅栗、锥栗、日本栗。4种花粉萌发对培养基糖类的种类及其浓度具有选择性,萌发率均以5%糖类浓度最高,并随糖类浓度的增大而显著降低;经5%浓度糖类处理后,板栗、日本栗和锥栗花粉在砂糖培养基上萌发率最高,而茅栗在蔗糖培养基上萌发率最高。在30～36℃下,4种花粉均保持较高萌发率,其中板栗、茅栗和锥栗的萌发率在33℃时达到最高,而日本栗在30℃时达到最高。栗属花粉萌发需要较长时间,培养至36 h各花粉萌发率均达到最大值,其中24 h内4种花粉萌发率迅速增加,超过24 h后萌发率变化不大,萌发数量明显减少。4种花粉经12 h自然干燥后萌发率达到最高,干燥24 h其花粉萌发率仍然保持在67%以上,超过24 h后快速下降,因此干燥时间不宜超过24 h。栗属4种花粉萌发集体效应明显,其萌发率均随花粉密度增大而快速提高,当花粉密度达到550粒/视野时,各种花粉萌发率均达最大值,其中日本栗最高,达79.5%。4种花粉在-20℃的贮藏环境里其萌发率明显高于-70℃和0℃低温,经30 d贮藏后萌发率均保持69%以上,其中板栗最高,达78.6%,其次为茅栗、日本栗和锥栗。In,order to research pollen preservation and utilization methods in Castanea, changes of pollen germination rates were studied by the method of indoor culture, applying four species of Castanea in China as material. The results show that the shapes of the four species are the same basically long-elliptic. By P × E measure and calculation, the order of the four species based on pollen size is C. mollissima, C. seguinii, C. henryi, C. crenata. Pollen germinations of the four species have selective on kinds and concentration of sugar in media. Germination rate is the highest in medium with 5% sugar, and is significantly decreased with concentration rising of sugar. Pollen germination rates of C. mollissima, C. crenata and C. henryi are the highest in medium with 5% granulated sugar than in other media, while that of C. seguinii is the highest in medium with 5% sucrose. The four species keep higher pollen germination rates at 30-36 ℃, and that of C. mollissima, C. seguinii and C. henryi are the highest at 33 ℃, as well as that of crenata at 30 ℃ . Pollen germination of Castanea need longer period. Pollen germination rate is increased quickly within 24 hours, and then no obviously changes with the number of pollen germination reducing, and it reaches the top while cultured about 36 hours. Germination rate gets the highest by natural drying for 12 hours, and still keeps over 67% by natural drying for 24 hours, but declines rapidly by natural drying over 24 hours, so natural drying time can not be over 24 hours. Pollen collective effect is obvious, germination rate is increased rapidly with pollen density rising. Germination rate reaches the highest levels as pollen density is 500 per visual field, and that of C. crenata is the highest and up to 79.5%. germination rate is obviously higher at -20℃ of storing temperature than that at -70 ℃ and 0 ℃. After storing for 30 days at -20 ℃, pollen germination rates of the four species keep over 69%, and that of C. mollissima is the highest, followed by C. seguinii

关 键 词：栗属 板栗 日本栗 茅栗 锥栗 花粉 萌发率 

分 类 号：S664.2[农业科学—果树学]