耕作方式与秸秆还田对表层土壤活性有机碳组分与产量的短期影响  

Short-term Effects of Tillage Practices and Wheat-straw Returned to the Field on Topsoil Labile Organic Carbon Fractions and Yields in Central China

作　　者：王丹丹[1] 周亮[1] 黄胜奇[1] 李成芳[1] 曹凑贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室华中农业大学植物科技学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第4期735-740,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划:粮食丰产科技工程(2011BAD16B02);国家自然科学基金(31100319);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2010QC032)

摘　　要：为探明耕作方式和小麦秸秆还田对稻田表层(0～20cm)土壤活性有机碳(LOC)、碳库管理指数(CPMI)和作物产量的短期影响,于2011年在湖北省随州市均川镇,设置了免耕(NT)和翻耕(PT)两种耕作方式以及6000(SR3)、4000(SR2)、2000(SR1)、0kg·hm-2(SR0)4种还田量。结果表明:相对于翻耕,免耕显著提高水溶性有机碳(WSOC)23%～68%(P<0.0001)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)21%～40%和易氧化态碳(EOC)10%～63%(P<0.0001),但不影响颗粒态碳。相对于秸秆不还田处理(SR0),SR2和SR1显著提高WSOC37%～74%(P<0.0003);EOC含量随还田量增加而增加。对CPMI的影响,耕作处理表现为免耕>翻耕,秸秆还田处理为SR3>SR2>SR1>SR0。处理SR3、SR2和SR1比SR0分别使产量提高了7.7%～16%、17%～35%和23%～28%。线性相关分析表明,WSOC与产量有极显著相关性(P<0.01),表明土壤水溶性碳对短期土壤管理措施的改变反应敏感。Conservation management practices, such as no-tillage （NT） or crop residue returning, alter soil organic carbon （C） lability, thus affecting soil quality. However, inconsistent effects of conservation management practices on soil labile organic C have been commonly re- ported. Therefore, a field＇experiment was conducted to study the effects of tillage practices and wheat-straw returned to the field on soil liable organic carbon（LOC ）, carbon pool management index（CPMI） and rice grain yield at the Junchuan in Hubei Province of China. Treatments were established following a split-plot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices [plough tillage（PT） and no-tillage（NT）] as the main plot and wheat straw returning level [6000 kg.hm-E（SR3）, 4000 kg＇hmNSR2）, 2000 kg·bm-E（SR,） and 0 kg·hm-2（SR0）] as the sub-plot treatment. The results indicated that, compared with PT, NT significantly increased the content of soil water-soluble organic carbon （WSOC） by 23 % -68 % （P〈0.000 1 ）, microbial biomass carbon （ MBC ） by 21%-40%, easily oxidizable carbon （ EOC ） by 10% -63 % （P〈 0.000 1 ）, but didn＇t have remarkable effect on the particulate organic carbon（POC）. The SR2 and SRI significantly increased the WSOC con- tents by 37%-74% compared to SR0（P〈0.000 3 ）. EOC contents increased with increasing amounts of wheat straw returning. NT significantly increased CPMI compared to PT. The effects of wheat straw returning on CPMI followed the order： SR3〉SRE〉SRI〉SRo. SR3, SR2 and SRI in- creased rice grain yield by 7.7%N16%,17%-35% and 23%-28% respectively. Correlation analysis revealed that WSOC could be a more sen- sitive indicator responsing to the changes of soil management practices than other indices in short-term.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 土壤活性有机碳 碳库管理指数 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]