湛江湾大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性特征  

Community Structure and Diversity of Macrobenthos in Zhanjiang Bay

作　　者：周伟男[1] 孙省利[1] 李荣冠[2] 江锦祥[2] 张才学[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心,广东湛江524088 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《广东海洋大学学报》2013年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Guangdong Ocean University

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201105008-5)

摘　　要：2010年5月,在湛江湾海域设立10个站点对大型底栖生物进行调查,分析湛江湾大型底栖生物的种类组成、生物量、栖息密度和生物多样性特征,并通过聚类(CLUSTER)和MDS排序对大型底栖生物群落进行划分。结果表明,调查海域共有底栖生物共7门112种,环节动物门、软体动物门和节肢动物门为湛江湾大型底栖生物的主要类群。生物量分布范围为0.93～98.20 g.m-2,其中软体动物门的平均生物量最高值。栖息密度分布范围为6.11～24.80 ind.m-2,其中以环节动物门(24.08 ind.m-2)和星虫动物门(22.22 ind.m-2)最高。该海域大型底栖生物群落物种较为丰富,但多样性差。根据Bray-Curtis相似性系数聚类分析和多维尺度排序分析结果,可将湛江湾大型底栖动物划分为4个群落。丰度生物量曲线(ABC)分析结果,湛江湾大型底栖生物受到严重的环境污染或者扰动,群落结构不稳定。与其他海域大型底栖生物种类数、生物量和丰度的比较分析结果,湛江湾的生物量和丰度偏低。The situations of macrobenthos in Zhanjiang Bay have been investigated in 10 sites during May 2010, analyzing the species composition, biomass, population density and species diversity and classifying on community structure by the method of CLUSTER and MDS. A total of 112 species of 7 phyla were identified, including Aunelida, Mollusca and Arthropoda, which were the dominant phyla in Zhanjiang Bay. Biomass ranged from 0.93 to 98.20 g/m2, with the highest average biomass of Molluscs. Population density ranged for 6.11 to 24.80 ind/m2, and population density of Annelida （24.08 ind/m2） was the highest, followed by Sipuncula （22.22 ind/m2）. The community species of the macrobenthos in the area is relatively abundant while the diversity is poor. According to the analysis of clustering and multidimensional scaling ordination, macrobenthic animals in Zhanjiang Bay could be divided into 4 communities. Through the abundance/biomass curve analysis, macrobenthic organisms in Zhanjiang Bay was affected so seriously by environmental pollution or disturbance that the community structure was unstable. Compared with the other marine sites, the number of species, biomass and abundance of the Zhanjiang Bay were lower.

关 键 词：湛江湾 底栖生物 群落结构 多样性特征 聚类分析 

分 类 号：P714.5[天文地球—海洋科学]