景观湿地夏季原生动物群落结构与水质关系  

THE PROTOZOAN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND ITS RESPONSE TO THE CHANGE OF WATER QUALITY IN A TYPICAL WETLAND LANDSCAPE IN SUMMER

作　　者：孙志强[1,2] 施心路[1,2,3] 徐琳琳[1] 孟祥玮[1] 刘桂杰[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学动物适应与进化杭州市重中之重实验室,杭州310036 [2]中国海洋大学原生动物研究室,青岛266003 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2013年第2期290-299,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31272262;31071880);浙江省自然科学基金(Y3100128)部分资助;浙江省科技创新项目(2010R50039-20;PD11001004002016);杭州市重点实验室基金(20100333T05);浙江省大学生科技创新活动计划(2010R421046)资助

摘　　要：2011年夏季(6—8月)对杭州市境内一景观湿地——西溪国家湿地公园进行采样,共得原生动物样品21个。利用浮游生物研究方法对该湿地水域中原生动物的种类组成、群落特征、优势种分布、指示种及生物多样性指数进行了综合分析,研究了该特征性水域中原生动物的群落特征与水质变动之间的关系。共鉴定原生动物84种,隶属于3纲45属,其中鞭毛虫纲61种,纤毛虫纲14种,肉足虫纲9种。优势种主要为隐滴虫(Cryptomonas)和眼虫(Euglena),均属于鞭毛虫纲;污染性指示种及Margalef等多样性指数均表明水质呈中度污染状态;在原生动物功能类群中,光合自养者最多,腐生者、杂食者和捕食者相对较少;主要理化指标中TN、TP和COD含量均较高,且对原生动物群落的影响较大,是造成群落变化的主要原因。综合评价结果揭示出,西溪国家湿地公园水体目前仍处于中度污染状况。研究对湿地水域的污染原因进行了分析并提出了防治参考对策。To evaluate water quality of a wetland system,a comprehensive survey on the community structure of protozoan was carried out in the open area of the Xixi National Wetland Park of Hangzhou,southern China,from June to August,2011.Protozoan samples were collected monthly at seven sampling stations with a spatial gradient of environmental status.Finally,a total of 21 protozoan samples were collected.Physicochemical parameters,including water temperature,pH,dissolved oxygen（DO）,chemical oxygen demand（COD）,biological oxygen demand（BOD5）,total phosphorus（TP） and total nitrogen（TN）,were measured according to the Water and Wastewater Monitoring and Analysis Methods for comparison of biological data.By using the freshwater plankton survey methodology,we investigated species composition,community characteristics,dominant species distribution,indicator species and biodiversity indexes of protozoan in Xixi Wetland.Identification was made mostly according to the morphology,mainly on the basis of the published books with protozoan pictures.Environmental and biological data were packed up and analyzed by EXCEL 2007 and SPSS13.0.Finally,a total of 84 species of protozoan were identified,belonging to 3 classes,45 genera,with 61 flagellates,14 ciliates,and 9 sarcodinas in the Xixi Wetland.Whether in the species number or abundance,flagellates a the largest proportion.A total of 8 dominant species were collected including Chilomonas ovalis,Cryptomonas erosa,Cryptomonas marssonii,Cryptomonas obovata,Cryptomonas ovate,Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera,Euglena caudate and Euglena proxima,which belong to flagellates.We found 15 pollution indicators including 3 heavy-polluted,9 α-medium-polluted,8 β-medium-polluted and 3 light-polluted indicators,in which medium-pollution indicators accounted for 86.67%,and Cryptomonas erosa,an α-medium-pollution indicator,was also a dominate specie.The Simpson index and evenness index were a little low while Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener index were moderate,and all diversity indexes s

关 键 词：景观湿地 原生动物 群落结构 物种多样性 水质监测 

分 类 号：X835[环境科学与工程—环境工程]