江西省多气象要素的柑橘冻害指标  

The Multiple-meteorological-factor Indexes for Orange Frozen Injury in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：杨爱萍[1] 杜筱玲[1] 王保生[1] 郭瑞鸽[1] 刘文英[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省气象台,南昌330046

出　　处：《应用气象学报》2013年第2期248-256,共9页Journal of Applied Meteorological Science

基　　金：中国气象局气象行业标准"柑橘冻害等级"项目(QX/T-2010-17)

摘　　要：针对近年来柑橘越冬期冻害的发生及灾害程度不单纯由低温决定及雨雪冰冻、干旱等与低温并发常使柑橘耐冻性降低、出现冻害加重,该文利用气温、降水及其持续时间等构建了一组多气象要素的柑橘冻害指标,包括单站冻害指数和区域冻害指数,并结合单一气象要素的柑橘冻害指标,利用江西省1959—2009年柑橘冻害实况对其进行检验。检验结果表明:多气象要素的单站冻害指数计算结果中,典型年份的单站冻害等级及典型县站的逐年冻害等级均与实况基本吻合,相对于单一气象要素冻害指标,该指数能够更好地反映冻害程度以及冻害空间分布特征;逐年的江西省区域冻害等级与实况的吻合率约为90%;以1992年为例的典型冻害年份中,江西省内分区的区域冻害等级与实况的吻合率约为80%。因此,该指标可应用于江西省柑橘种植区的越冬期冻害监测、评估及气候适宜性研究,具有推广应用价值。A persistent period of low temperature weather is the main cause to the frozen injury of orange during the winter, which is usually accompanied by the sleet and frost weather process （or drought）. And the sleet and frost weather process （or drought） may aggravate the injury to the orange. The single-meteoro- logical-factor index of the orange frozen injury is well known and commonly used to analyze the degree of the disaster, which only refers to the low temperature factor while neglects other ones. Considering the climate characteristics which may bring about the frozen injury, a series of frozen injury indexes for or- ange, including the single-station index and the regional index, are designed by employing multiple mete- orological factors, such as temperature, rainfall amount and persistent days of rain. Tallied with the freez- ing disasters happened in Jiangxi Province from 1959 to 2009 and compared with the single-meteorological- factor index, the surveying effects of the multiple-meteorological-factor indexes are assessed. The calcula- tion results of the single-station index for the typical years, such as 1992 or 2000, compared with the sin- gle-meteorological-factor index, are more in line with the freezing disaster happened in Jiangxi Province. Both the reflection on the damage degree and the characteristic of spatial distribution of the single-station grade of the multiple-meteorological-factor indexes are consistent with the actual situation. Taken the typi- cal counties Nanfeng and Xinfeng as example, compared with the single-meteorological-factor index, the calculation result of the frequency for each single-station grade of the multiple-meteorological-factor inde- xes is more accordant with the cultivation habit and the disaster experience. And the calculation result of single-station grade is much more in line with the actual orange frozen disaster in Nanfeng from 1957 to 2000. The accuracy of the regional index from 1959 to 2009 is about 90%. Meanwhile, the freezing years, in which

关 键 词：柑橘冻害 多气象要素冻害指标 指标设计 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学] S426[农业科学—园艺学]