农田生态拦截沟中浮游甲壳动物群落结构研究  

Study on Crustacean Zooplankton Community in the Ecological Interception Ditch

作　　者：郭匿春[1] 马友华[1] 李堃[2] 张震[1] 何金铃[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽省环境科学研究院安徽省污水处理技术研究重点实验室,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2013年第1期50-58,共9页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目-南方平原稻作区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范(No.2012BAD15B03)

摘　　要：2012年5-10月,对安徽省巢湖市烔炀镇西宋村示范基地农田生态拦截沟中的浮游甲壳动物群落结构进行了研究,共检测到浮游甲壳动物21属、27种,其中枝角类11属、13种,桡足类10属、14种。结果显示,生态拦截沟能有效降低水体中的氮磷营养盐浓度,浮游甲壳动物的优势种类也由拦截前的台湾温剑水蚤(Thermocyclops taihokuensis)和中华窄腹水蚤(Limnoithona sinensis)转变为拦截后的角突网纹溞(Ceriodaphni cornuta)、隆线溞(Daphnia carinata)和台湾温剑水蚤,生物量由拦截前的44.90μg/L上升到拦截后的912.50μg/L;此外,浮游甲壳动物平均体长与水体中总溶解磷对数(lgTSP)和氮磷比(TN/TP)存在显著的相关关系(P<0.05),而浮游甲壳动物生物多样性指数(Simpson)在水生植物生物量最高的生态拦截沟中段最高。研究表明,农田生态拦截沟中的水生植被具有拦截农业氮磷营养盐面源污染和庇护浮游甲壳动物的能力。浮游甲壳动物可以通过吸收和储藏水体中的磷造成水体中生物有效利用磷含量的下降和氮磷比的上升,进而影响藻类生物量并净化水质。The crustacean zooplankton community in the ecological interception ditch of the farm demonstration base approach to the Eastern Chaohu lake were analyzed from May 2012 to October 2012.About 27 species of Crustacea were identified,of which Cladocera were represented by 13 taxa（11 genera）,and Copepoda by 14 taxa（10 genera）.The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the ecological interception ditch decreased significantly.The dominant species of crustacean zooplankton in the water inlet of the ecological interception ditch were Thermocyclops taihokuensis and Limnoithona sinensis,while the dominant species of crustacean zooplankton in the water outlet were Ceriodaphni cornuta、Daphnia carinata and Thermocyclops taihokuensis.The biomass of crustacean zooplankton also increased from 44.90 μg/L to 912.50 μg/L.There is a significant relationship between the mean body length of crustacean zooplankton and lgTSP、TN/TP.And the Simpson＇s diversity index of crustacean zooplankton in the middle of the ecological interception ditch was the highest.Our results suggested macrophytes in ecological interception had an ability to exploit N,P and offer a refuge to crustacean zooplankton.A mounts of crustacean zooplankton would reduce the concentration of TSP and promote the TN/TP by absorb and store the loading of P,and resulted in the control of algae and the clean-up of water quality.

关 键 词：农田生态拦截沟 浮游甲壳动物 群落结构 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]