中国制造业资源配置效率与全要素生产率  

Efficiency of Resource Allocation and Manufacturing Total Factor Productivity in China

作　　者：龚关[1,2] 胡关亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学经济学院 [2]上海财经大学数理经济学教育部重点实验室,200433

出　　处：《经济研究》2013年第4期4-15,29,共13页Economic Research Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71273162);上海市曙光计划(08SG37);上海财经大学"211工程"四期项目的资助

摘　　要：本文在Hsieh & Klenow(2009)提出的测算资源配置效率方法的基础上,突破了模型规模报酬不变的限制,提出以投入要素的边际产出价值的离散程度作为衡量资源配置效率的指标。利用1998—2007年中国制造业微观数据,本文首先采用Levinsohn-Petrin(2003)半参数估计方法估计出行业的要素产出弹性,然后结合一个涉及异质产品的垄断竞争模型计算得到:若资本和劳动均为有效的配置,1998年我国的制造业全要素生产率将提高57.1%,而2007年将提高30.1%;此外,在这10年里,资本配置效率的改善促进全要素生产率提高了10.1%,而劳动配置效率的改善促进全要素生产率提高了7.3%。与Hsieh & Klenow的方法相比,本文的方法在计算资源配置的效率方面更加精确,并且可以单独地考察某个特定资源的配置情况。In this paper, we extend Hsieh ＆ Klenow （2009） ＇ s analysis of resource allocation efficiency by relaxing the condition of constant returns to scale. We use the dispersion of marginal revenue product of factor to measure the resource misallocation and apply it to micro data of Chinese manufacturing survey between 1998 and 2007. We use the Levinsohn- Petrin （2003） semi-parametric estimation method to get the output elasticity of the inputs in each industry and assume a standard model of monopolistic competition with heterogeneous products. We find： （1） Chinese manufacturing total factor productivity would gain an increase of 57% in 1998 and 30% in 2007 if both capital and labor are effectively realloeated; and （2） From 1998 to 2007, the improvement of capital allocation efficiency increased the aggregate total factor productivity by nearly 10. 1%, while the improvement of labor allocation efficiency increased the aggregate total factor productivity by approximately 7.3%. Compared to the method proposed by Hsieh ＆ Klenow （2009） , our method is more precise in measuring the efficiency of resource allocation and is able to distinguish the effects from each factor. Our empirical result shows that resource misallocation in China is much less than Hsieh ＆ Klenow calculated.

关 键 词：资源配置效率 全要素生产率 垄断竞争 规模报酬 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济] F273