汉语方言中的气流分调现象  

Tone-split by aspiration in Chinese dialects

作　　者：徐越[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州杭州师范大学

出　　处：《中国语文》2013年第3期265-272,288,共8页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：2010年国家社科基金项目“杭州方言研究”(10BYY108);杭州师范大学勤慎研究项目;香港研资局GRF(HKUST644509)的资助

摘　　要：本文以已发表的39个县(市)材料为依据,把汉语方言中的气流分调现象概括为分立型和归并型两大类型,在此基础上分析各方言气流分调的6个特点:(1)次清调的调值一般总是低于全清调的调值;(2)气流分调在吴语中多见于上声和入声,在湘语中多见于去声和入声;(3)清擦音等声母在吴语和湘语中基本归不送气声母一类,在赣语中基本归送气声母一类;(4)赣语内部地域差异非常突出,吴语内部地域差异和年龄差异都很明显;(5)吴语气流分调与两字组连读变调密切相关;(6)赣语和湘语气流分调与今声母的送气与否有关。最后,对气流分调的地域分布和发展演变等问题做了探讨。The phenomenon of tone-split by aspiration ( TSA thereafter) in Chinese dialects can be classified,on the basis of the data collected from 39 counties ( or cities) ,into two subtypes,namely Division Type and Merge Type. Six noteworthy characteristics of TSA are demonstrated as below: 1 ) The pitch of the tones with secondary voiceless ( ciqing,次清) initials is generally lower than those with full voiceless ( quanqing,全清) ; 2) TSA occurs in Wu Dialects mainly concerning the ‘rising tone’ ( shangsheng,上声) and the ‘entering tone’( rushing,入声) ,while in Xiang Dialects,the ‘falling tone’( qusheng,去声) and the ‘entering tone’ ( rushing) ; 3) Voiceless fricatives are allocated roughly to unaspirated initials in the Wu and Xiang Dialects, and in the Gan Dialects,to the aspirated; 4) The areal differences are found prominent in the Gan Dialects, whereas in the Wu Dialect age differences are obvious as well as areal; 5) TSA in the Wu Dialects is closely related to the tone sandhi of disyllabic words; and,6) TSA in the Gan and Xiang dialects is varied as to whether the aspirated or unaspirated present-day initials are chosen.

关 键 词：汉语方言 气流分调 类型 特点 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]