27起手足口病聚集性疫情的流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis and control measure of 27 gathering epidemics of HFMD

作　　者：王联君[1] 高洪[1] 汪静[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市崇文区疾病预防控制中心,北京100050

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第9期1601-1602,1604,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解手足口病聚集性疫情流行规律,为有效控制手足口病提供科学依据,方法采用统一印制的调查表进行现场调查,对有典型症状的病例及密切接触者采集样品进行病毒分离。采用EPIDATA 3.0数据库进行数据录入,运用SPSS软件统计分析。结果 27起疫情涉及87个病例和53个密接,其中幼儿园聚集性疫情最多(24起,占88.6%)。发病时间主要集中在5、6月,占49.4%(43例),男女性别比为1.23︰1,托幼儿童占95.4%(83人);发病年龄主要集中在4岁及以下儿童(占86.2%)。48.3%(42例)发病前7d与手足口病患者有接触,18.4%(16例)病例发病前7d到过手足口病流行地(均为幼儿园);50个病例检出总阳性率为90%,其中EV71病毒阳性占60.0%,COXA16占26%。53密切接触者的咽拭子样本做病毒检测,总检测阳性率28.3%。结论聚集疫情以托幼机构为主(占88.9%),EV71(占34.0%)病毒是引起托幼机构手足口病的聚集和暴发的主要原因。及时发现隔离可疑患儿,通风消毒保持清洁卫生,适时停课,停园是控制多暴发疫情主要措施。OBJECTIVE To understand epidemic patterns and influencing factors of the aggregation epidemic of HFMD and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD.METHODS Conducted on-site case investigation with＂HFMD epidemiological survey＂,and collected samples of cases and close contacts with typical symptoms for virus isolation.Input data with EPIDATA 3.0 and described epidemiological characteristics using SPSS.RESULTS 27 outbreaks involved 87 cases and 53 cases of close contact,in which mostly concentrated in nursery（24 cases,accounting for 88.6%）,onset time were mainly in May and June,accounting for 49.4%（43 cases）,ratio of male to female was 1.23︰1;preschool children accounted for 95.4%（83 cases）,mainly contacted in children under 4 years old（86.2%）,48.3%（42 cases）contacted HFMD patients among seven days before sick,18.4%（16 cases）went to epidemic areas seven days before sick（all areas were nurseries）;total positive rate of 50 cases was 90%,positive rate of EV71 was 60.0%,positive rate of COXA16 was 26%.The positive detection rate of virus was 28.3% in throat swabs of 53 cases of close contact.CONCLUSION Gathering epidemics occur in nurseries（accounting for 88.9%）,EV71（accounting for 34.0%）is the main virus causing gathering and outbreak epidemic in nurseries.Timely isolation,ventilation and suspend classes are the main control measures.

关 键 词：手足口病 肠道病毒 EV71 COXA16 聚集疫情 

分 类 号：R181.81[医药卫生—流行病学]