遵义市2010年农村饮用水水质卫生状况  

Analysis of hygienic status of drinking water in rural area of Zunyi in 2010

作　　者：詹萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]遵义市疾病预防控制中心,贵州遵义563000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第9期1766-1768,共3页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的为了解遵义市农村生活饮用水卫生状况,提高农村饮用水水质合格率,控制介水传染病的流行和发生,为行政部门制订防预措施提供科学依据。方法 2010年对遵义市农村饮用水进行监测,按照饮用水供水的水源类型、水处理工艺、规模大小,结合供水人口等进行分层,按随机分层原则选择159个农村饮用水水质监测点,在枯水期和丰水期对每个监测点的出厂水和末梢水进行采样和水质检测。结果全年共检水样636份,合格117份,合格率为18.40%。其中枯水期合格率为25.16%(80/318)、丰水期合格率为11.64(37/318),枯水期水质合格率高于丰水期,差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.37,P﹤0.01);出厂水合格率为9.12%(58/636),末梢水合格率为9.28%(59/636),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.01,P﹥0.05)。在不合格项目中,以菌落总数、总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群为主。结论影响遵义市农村饮用水水质合格率偏低的主要原因是微生物污染问题,总大肠菌群、耐热大肠菌群和菌落总数的合格率偏低。监测点水处理设施不完善,消毒处理不到位现象普遍。OBJECTIVE To understand the status of drinking water of rural areas in Zunyi,and to promote the qualification rate of drinking water of rural areas,control the prevalence of infectious disease of intermediate water,and provide scientific evidences for administration department to lay down the prevention measures.METHODS Monitored the drinking water in rural areas of Zunyi in 2010,provided by the model of central water supply,water technology,scale,and divided people who were supplied by water into several groups,then chose 159 quality monitoring places in rural area based on the stratified randomization principle to test water quality of source water and end water in the period of low water and rich water.RESULTS 636 water samples are tested in the whole year,117 were qualified,and qualification rate was 18.4%.The qualification rate was 25.16%（80/318）in low water season while the qualification rate was 11.64%（37/318）in rich water season,so the qualification rate in low water season was higher than in rich water season,and there was a significant difference of these two periods（χ2 = 19.37,P﹤0.01）;the qualification rate of source water was 9.12%（58/636）while the qualification rate of end water was 9.28%（59/636）,and there was no significant difference of these two kinds of water（χ2 = 0.01,P﹥0.05）.The unqualified items mainly included total numbers of colony,total coliform group and thermotoletant coliform bacteria group.CONCLUSION The main reasons which lead to the low qualification rate of the drinking water quality of rural areas in Zunyi are microorganism pollution,the lower qualification rate of total numbers of colony,total coliform group and thermotoletant coliform bacteria group,and the imperfection of water treatment equipment and the deficiency of disinfection.

关 键 词：农村 饮用水 检测结果 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]