老年人鼻出血的临床特征及其相关因素的探讨  

THE CLINICAL FEATURES OF EPISTAXIS IN THE AGED AND ITS RELATED FACTORS

作　　者：王沁[1] 喻红之[1] 阮盛祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东医院耳鼻喉科,上海市200040

出　　处：《老年医学与保健》2000年第3期147-148,共2页Geriatrics & Health Care

摘　　要：目的 探讨老年人鼻出血的临床特征以及相关因素。方法 回顾性分析了１６２例老年鼻出血患者的资料，有高血压病史者１０２例，近期有上呼吸道感染史者１１例；有糖尿病史者３例；原因不明者２５例。鼻腔后部出血８７例（５３．７％），鼻中隔前部出血３８例（２３．５％），鼻腔中部出血２７例（１６．７％），广泛性出血１０例（６．２％）。结果 行前鼻孔填塞７５例，３９例有效（５２％），对前鼻孔填塞无效或鼻腔后部出血者行前后鼻孔填塞９５例，局部烧灼、冷冻２８例，无严重并发症发生。结论 老年人鼻出血大部分是由全身疾病所引起，高血压病是最常见的病因。鼻腔填塞或前后鼻孔填塞仍是局部止血的有效方法，但应同时治疗全身疾病。Objective To explore the clinical features and related factors of epistaxis in the aged. Methods A retrospective review was made on 162 senile patients with epistaxis, 145 males and 17 females, Among all cases, 123 had suffered from hypertension, 11 cases had upper respiratioy infection recently and 3 had diabetes. 87 cases (53 .7 % ) were posterior nasal bleeding, 38 (23. 5 % ) anterior nasal septum bleeding, 27(16. 7 % ) medial nasal bleeding and 10(6 .2% ) wide bleeding. The epistaxis often occurred in deep night or early morning, and was severe, recurrent and not easily stanched. Results 75 cases were treated by anterior nasal packing and 39 (52% ) were effective; for the cases failed or with posterior nasal bleeding, 95 cases were treated by both anterior and posterior nasal packing, and 28 by local cautery or cryotherapy. No severe complications occurred. Conclusions The epistaxis among the aged were mostly caused by systemic diseases, among them, hypertension was the most common reason. Anterior and posterior nasal packing, and nasal packing were still the effective methods for stanching, but the diseases, which induced the epistaxis, should also be treated at the same time.

关 键 词：鼻衄 并发症 治疗 老年人 

分 类 号：R765.23[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]