夏大豆品种高产特性研究  

High Yield Characteristics of Summer Sowing Soybean Varieties

作　　者：赵双进[1] 赵鑫[1] 唐晓东[1] 张继宗[1] 徐有[1] 冯燕[1] 张孟臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所/国家大豆改良中心石家庄分中心/农业部黄淮海大豆生物学与遗传育种重点实验室/河北省作物遗传育种实验室,河北石家庄050035

出　　处：《大豆科学》2013年第2期168-175,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目(2010GB2A200031);国家高技术研究发展计划"863计划"(2012AA101106);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-004-PS06);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD35B06-3-6)

摘　　要：为探讨高产品种特性,为夏大豆高产育种提供理论参考,于2007～2010年,对冀豆17等6个具有高产潜力夏大豆品种以及各级区域试验的57个品种的农艺性状进行了调查分析。明确了高产夏大豆品种应具备如下生育特性:(1)植株高大(R=0.551 6*)、有效荚数多(R=0.739 7*)、荚粒数多(R=0.318 9);(2)开花量大(单株130朵以上),成荚率高(52%以上),后期落荚少(落荚率40%以下);(3)主根、侧根较长(分别达到20 cm、15 cm以上),基部节间短(基部6节总长25 cm以下),植株重心低(40 cm以下);(4)茎秆干重较高、干物质转移较多(平均4.29 g);(5)鼓粒后期(始粒30 d以后)籽粒重持续增加,不降低。同时提出夏大豆品种生育模式:播种～出苗5 d,出苗～开花29～33 d,开花～始粒29～33 d,始粒～成熟32～36 d,全生育期95～106 d。这种生育期结构模式,既能满足当地两熟制大豆生态条件,也能满足营养生长和生殖生长阶段的充分发育,有利于夏播品种的高产。To discuss on the characteristics of high yield varieties, and provide theoretical basis for high yield breeding of summer soybean, the growth and development characteristics of six high yield potential and other fifty-seven summer sowing soybean varieties were investigated from 2007 to 2010. As a result,it found that the summer soybean varieties with higher yield should have the following characteristics ： （ i ） higher plants（ R = 0. 551 6＊ ）, more effective pods （ R = 0. 739 7＊ ） and more seeds per pod（ R =0. 318 9） ;（ ii ）more flowers per plant（ 〉 130） ,higher pod setting rate（ 〉 52% ）and lower pod-dropping rate （ 〈 40% ） ;（ iii ）longer main roots length and lateral roots length （more than 20 c m and 15 cm, respectively）, shorter basal internode （ the length of six basal internodes was less than 25 cm）, lower plant gravity （ 〈 40 cm） ; （ iv ） higher stem dry weight and higher dry matter translocation rate （average 4.29 g） ; （ V ）gained weight continuously in late seed filling stage. It also proposed the ideal growth stage model for summer planting soybean,with the duration between adjacent stage of sowing,emer- gence, flowering, beginning seed and mature were 5,29-33,29-33,32-36 days, respectively. This pattern could not only satisfy the ecological condition of double cropping system, but also balance the full development of vegetative and reproductive growth, hence, promote the yield formation of summer planting soybean.

关 键 词：夏大豆 品种 高产特性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]