大月氏人的原始故乡——兼论西域三十六国之形成  

On the Original Hometown of the Greater Yuezhi People

作　　者：林梅村[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《西域研究》2013年第2期90-104,140,共15页The Western Regions Studies

摘　　要：公元前176年大月氏西迁,导致西域诸国在天山南北重新分布。塞人南下,乌孙西迁,匈奴则从蒙古高原进驻析罗漫山巴里坤草原、吐鲁番盆地等大月氏故地。公元前108年,吐鲁番盆地的小月氏两部落归降汉朝,从吐鲁番东迁酒泉,从而引发了中亚民族新一轮大迁徙。在汉朝与匈奴对西域争夺战中,姑师人从罗布泊西岸北迁吐鲁番盆地小月氏故地,后来分化为"车师前后王及山北六国"。楼兰人则于元凤四年(前77)南下鄯善河(今车尔臣河)姑师故地,更名"鄯善"。公元前176年,匈奴击败大月氏之时,西域只有二十六国。公元前108年姑师人从罗布泊北迁吐鲁番盆地后,与当地小月氏遗民融合,由一国发展出"车师前后王及山北六国"。东汉班固写《汉书》时,西域诸国发展为三十六国,最后增至五十五国。In 176 B C the Greater Yuezhi People migrated westward,causing the kingdoms in the Western Region located north and south of Tienshan Mountains to redistribute The Saka People moved southward,the Wusun People westward,and the Xiongnu moved from the Mongolian Plateau to the homeland of Greater Yuezhi People such as the areas of Barkol steppe and Turfan Basin In 108 B C ,the Lesser Yuezhi People surrendered to the Han Empire,moving eastward from Turfan to Jiuquan,creating a massive ethnic migration in Central Asia During the struggle for the Western Region between the Han Empire and the Xiongnu,the Jushi People moved from western Lop Nor to the homeland of Lesser Yuezhi People in the Turfan Basin,which was later divided into 'the Front and Back Kingdoms of Jushi as well as six kingdoms north of Tienshan Mountains' Meanwhile,the Loulan People migrated southward to Shanshan River (modern Cherchen River),where the Jushi People renamed as 'Shanshan' When the Xiongnu defeated the Greater Yuezhi People in 176 B C ,there were only 26 states in the Western Region After the Jushi People moved north from Lop Nor to the Turfan Basin in 108 B C ,they integrated with the Lesser Yuezhi People,creating 'the Front and Back Kingdoms of Jushi as well as the six kingdoms north of Tienshan Mountains' The Chinese historian Ban Gu documented this change in his The Han Annals,noting that the Western Regions developed into 36 kingdoms,and later increased to 55

关 键 词：大月氏人 苏贝希文化 西域三十六国 姑师 车师 小月氏 

分 类 号：K289[历史地理—历史学]