高浓度氨氮废水短程硝化及氨氧化菌群分析  

Shortcut Nitrification of High Ammonia Concentration Wastewater and Ammonia-oxidizing Bacterial Community

作　　者：何晓红[1] 杨暖[2] 陶勇[1] 李大平[1] 李伟 丁勇 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,成都610041 [2]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆401122 [3]成都市固体废弃物卫生处置场,成都610061

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2013年第2期313-317,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院西部之光基金资助~~

摘　　要：高浓度氨氮废水成分复杂,毒性强,对环境危害大.采用连续式好氧硝化混合反应器(CSTR),在pH 7.5-8.5,DO 0.5-2.0 mg/L,温度(30±1)℃条件下,研究了不同氮负荷下氨氧化菌剂(AHAA-4)对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮及COD的处理效果,并对不同氮负荷下氨氧化菌(AOB)群落结构进行了PCR-DGGE分析.结果表明,氨氧化负荷(NLR,以N计)和COD负荷(OLR)最高可以分别达到1.366 kg m-3d-1和2.572 kg m-3d-1,氨氮去除率达95%以上,COD去除率在57.7%-77.1%之间.反应器中AOB主要有5个类群,分别是未培养菌CMC14、未培养亚硝化单胞菌AOB-1、亚硝化单胞菌科Elev、亚硝化单胞菌Z9和未培养菌56S_1B-1,其优势种群亚硝化单胞菌Z9是主要功能菌.生物多样性指数分析显示,氨氧化菌群多样性变化呈先增加后减少的趋势.在整个过程中,亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)既受到游离氨(FA)的抑制,还受到游离亚硝酸(FNA)的抑制,但AOB并未受到明显抑制.Wastewater of high ammonia nitrogen concentration is extremely harmful to the environment because of its strong toxicity. In this paper, the shortcut nitrification of landfill leachate was carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） inoculated with the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial （AOB） agent AHAA-4. Effect of different nitrogen loading on removal of ammonia-nitrogen and COD was studied under the conditions of pH 7.5-8.5, DO 0.5-2.0 mg/L and 30 ℃. The AOB community was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. The results showed that the maximum nitrogen loading rate （NLR） and the maximum organic loading rate （OLR） reached 1.366 kg m^-3 d^-1 and 2.572 kg m^-3 d^-1, respectively. The ammonia and COD removal was over 95% and 57.7%-77.1%, respectively. The DGGE profiles showed five dominant bacterial groups in CSTR, including uncultured bacterium clone CMC14, uncultured Nitrosomonas sp. clone AOB-1, uncultured Nitrosomonadaceae bacterium clone Elev, uncultured Nitrosomonas sp. clone Z9 and uncultured beta proteobacterium clone 56S_1B-1 respectively, with Nitrosomonas sp. Z9 as the dominant population. The Shannon-Wiener index exhibited a first increasing and later decreasing trend of the biodiversity. The nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） were suppressed by not only free ammonia （FA）, but also free nitrous acid （FNA）. However, AOB were not significantly inhibited. Fig 6, Tab 3, Ref 12

关 键 词：高浓度氨氮废水 CSTR 氨氧化负荷 氨氧化菌群 游离氨 游离亚硝酸 COD负荷 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X172