北京市西城区社区老人社会支持随访研究  

A follow-up study on social support to the elderly in Xicheng district of Beijing

作　　者：谢朝辉[1] 郭惠平[1] 李硕 邵钧 田亮 赵荣凤 韩金祥 郭薇 张海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学电力教学医院北京电力医院,北京100073 [2]北京市西城区平安医院 [3]西城区精神卫生保健院

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2013年第4期251-255,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：北京市科委可持续发展实验区建设项目(Z101106053910009)

摘　　要：目的描述北京市西城区社区老年人社会支持的现状,探讨影响老年人社会支持的相关因素及有效的干预方法,为老年人心理健康管理提供理论依据。方法采用流行病学随访研究的方法,应用一般信息的问卷、纽芬兰纪念大学幸福度量表(MUNSH)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、焦虑(SAS)和抑郁(SDS)量表,采取分层整群抽样方法调查北京市西城区60～80岁2 342人社区老人。2 342人老人随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组采用健康教育、社区社会支持干预、个体心理疏导、团体心理指导和小组讨论干预方法进行社会支持干预;对照组观察其自然变化。结果北京市西城区2 342人社区老人中423人(18.1%)获得社会支持较少;1 469人(62.7%)获得中等社会支持;450人(19.2%)获得高社会支持。支持总分39.67(6.59);客观支持分9.47(2.47);主观支持分22.90(4.23);支持利用度7.30(2.21)。社会支持总分与婚姻、工作、家庭类型、家人关系、看电视、读书、养宠物、歌舞、性格、情绪调节、生活质量总分、幸福度总分、焦虑标准分和抑郁标准分相关。干预前干预组和对照组各项得分差异无统计学意义,干预后干预组客观支持、主观支持、支持利用度、支持总分评分明显高于干预前社会支持各方面的评分(P<0.05)。结论北京市西城区老年人社会支持与老人生活质量、幸福度、焦虑、抑郁等诸多因素有关。建议对社会支持较低的社区老人进行心理干预具有重要的公共卫生意义。Objective To understand the status of social support to the elderly in Xicheng district of Beijing, and to explore the related factors and effective intervention method, so as to provide theoretical basis for im- proving their mental health. Methods A total of 2342 seniors aged 60-80 years were randomly selected using stratified cluster sampling method. All subjects were surveyed and assessed using Memorial University of New- foundland Scale of Happiness （MUNSH）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SRAS） and Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS） . They were randomly divided into control group and trial group. Subjects in the trial group received social intervention as health education, community support, psy- chological consultation and group discussion. Results The total score of social support was 39.67 （6.59） . Objective support score was 9.47 （2.47） and subjective support score was 22.90 （4.23） . Out of 2342 sen- iors surveyed, only 19.2% received high level of social support, majority of them received medium level, but still there was 18.1% of seniors who obtained low level of social support. The total support score was signifi- cantly related to marriage, job, family type and relationship, watching TV, reading, breeding pet, singing and dancing, personality, life quality, happiness, anxiety and depression （P〈0.05） . Scores of each factor between two groups had no significant difference before intervention. However, after intervention, the scores of ob- jective and subjective support, as well as total score of support were much higher compared to those before interven- tion （P〈0.05） . Conclusions Social support is independently associated with factors as life quality, happiness, anxiety and depression. It is suggested that mental health intervention should be applied to seniors with low social support.

关 键 词：社区老人 社会支持 相关因素 随访研究 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]