片麻岩石质山地火炬树幼林集水保墒措施优化  

Optimization of Different Micro-Topography Water-harvesting and Soil Moisture Conservation Measures on Young Rhus typhina L.in Gneiss Mountainous Area

作　　者：章岳涛[1] 谭飞理[2] 李广德[3] 贾黎明[1] 

机构地区：[1]省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083 [2]湛江师范学院 [3]中央广播电视大学

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2013年第5期51-55,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：科技部“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划(2011BAD38B0605)

摘　　要：通过对比火炬树幼林地树木生长及光合生理指标,配合土壤水分测定,对河北平山片麻岩石质山区不同微地形集水保墒措施进行了优化。结果表明:①不同集水保墒措施下,翼式鱼鳞坑+保水剂(YY+B)、翼式鱼鳞坑+石子(YY+S)都能有效提高土壤的保水能力,其中YY+S持续时间较长,雨后第6天,YY+S比CK(不做处理)的土壤含水量高出43.19%。到雨后第14天,YY+S的土壤含水率仍大于CK。②YY+S和翼式鱼鳞坑+植物覆盖(YY+Z)对树木生长的影响最大。YY+S处理的火炬树树高年生长量为12.09 cm,极显著高于对照3.03倍。YY+S、YY+Z处理的地径年生长量分别为0.43、0.40 cm,是CK地径生长量的2.15、2.00倍。③YY+Z、YY+B及YY+S处理树木的净光合速率显著高于翼式鱼鳞坑(YY)和CK处理,增幅52.91%～59.23%。④各种处理方法火炬树幼树的光响应曲线趋势基本一致,各处理的光补偿点为500 mol.m-2.s-1,光饱和点为1 600 mol.m-2.s-1。随着光强的增加,光合有效辐射(PAR)(600～2 000μmol.m-2.s-1)时,YY+B及YY+Z处理幼树的净光合速率显著高于对照。从降雨后土壤含水量的变化趋势、年终树木生长量、光合速率、光响应曲线综合看来,翼式鱼鳞坑+石子覆盖的集水保墒效果最优。Different micro-topography water-harvesting and soil conservation measures of wing-style fish-scale pits （YY）, wing- style fish-scale pits＋soil absorbent polymers （ YY ＋ B ）, wing-style fish-scale pits ＋ stone-mulching （ YY ＋ S）, wing-style fish-scale pits＋plant cover （YY＋Z） and CK were optimized by contrast young Rhus typhina L. growth, photosynthetic physiological indices and soil water content in gneiss rocky mountain area of Pingshan Mountain, Hebei Province. The treatments of YY＋B and YY＋S can effectively improve water-retention capacity of the soil among different micro-topography water-harvesting and soil conservation measures and YY＋S is the best one for improving water-retention capacity. The soil moisture content by YY＋S is 43.19% higher than that by CK （not treated） after six days rain as well as after 14 days rain. Treatments of YY＋S and YY＋Z can significantly enhance the plant growth than other measures. The annum height growth of Rhus typhina L. with YY＋S treatment is 12.09 cm, 3.03 times higher than that with CK. The ground diameter annual growths of R. typhina L. with YY＋S and YY＋Z are 0. 43 cm and 0.40 cm, respectively, 2.15 and 2.00 times higher than that with CK. The diurnal change in net photosynthetic rate （Pn） ofR. typhina L. leaves with YY＋Z, YY＋B and YY＋S are from 52.91% to 59.23%, respectively, more than those in control group. Light response curve of every treatment is with the same trend. Light compensation point and light saturation point of leaves are 500 and 1 600 mol·m^-2·s^-1 , respectively. With the increasing of the PAR, net photosynthetic rate of YY＋Z and YY＋B are significantly higher than those in control group. YY＋S plot has the best effect on soil moisture variation in the rainfall, photosynthesis rate, growth of ground diameter and height among different treatments.

关 键 词：翼式鱼鳞坑 集水保墒 火炬树 光合特性 

分 类 号：S728.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]