微生物固定化降解含聚废水研究  

On treating sewage with multiple contents by immobilized microorganisms

作　　者：刘江红[1] 徐瑞丹[2] 潘洋[3] 芦艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318 [2]厦门大学生命科学学院,福建厦门361005 [3]同联集团沈阳抗生素厂,沈阳110122

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第2期36-39,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2008AA06Z304)

摘　　要：为降解含聚废水中的聚丙烯酰胺和原油,从含聚废水中筛选出以聚丙烯酰胺为唯一碳源和氮源的降解菌z1、z2、z3、z4。比较了4种单一菌株和4种菌的混合菌对原油和聚丙烯酰胺的降解率,发现混合菌降解效果优于单一菌株。以这4种菌株的混合菌为研究对象,采用微生物固定法处理含聚废水,固定化微生物颗粒对聚丙烯酰胺的降解率达到83.1%,对原油去除率达到98.7%,处理后水质达到国家污水二级排放标准。利用扫描电镜(SEM)对混合菌固定化降解聚丙烯酰胺的效果进行了表征,SEM图显示聚丙烯酰胺由大分子断裂为小分子物质。利用紫外光谱分析了聚丙烯酰胺降解机理,发现聚丙烯酰胺的酰胺基转化为了羧基。Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide （HPAM） is a kind of water-soluble high-molecular polymer and has been widely employed in different fields of farming, industrial manufacturing and peoples＇ daily life. It can change the velocity ratio of oil and water, and raise the oil extraction rate. It is for the above reasons that HPAM is generally considered to be innoxious and stable because of its perfect characteristics. However, there has so far been negligence in the research for its function in degradation and its potential toxicity. In fact, the migration,containing and degradation in natural condition prove to be potentially hazardous to the environment and likely to bring serious contamination to the environment. In order to reduce the effect of HPAM biodegradation on the HPAM-containing sewage, we have isolated four kinds of HPAM-degrading bacterial strains from the HPAM distribution station of the Daqing Oil Field, Heilongjiang, known as z1, z2, z3 and z4, which can be used as the nitrogen source and carbon source. The degradation rate of HPAM and that of oil can be compared by using the single bacteria strain and that of the mixed bacteria of z1, z2, z3 and z4. The experiment results of ours indicate that HPAM degradation rate and oil degradation rate by using the mixed bacteria of z1, z2, z3 and z4 tend to be higher than that by the single bacteria strain. In addition, the innovation of this paper lies in its processing HPAM-containing sewage by applying the immobilized microorganisms. All this enables us to raise the HPAM degradation rate to 83.1% and the oil degradation rate to 98.7%, which comes up to the National Secondary Waste-Emission Standard. Moreover, the HPAM and oil degradation rate of the immobilized microorganisms prove to be higher than that by using the dissociating microorganisms. What is more, the degradation efficiency of HPAM via immobilized bacteria can be characteristically analyzed by scanning the electron microscopy（SEM）, whose photographs demonstrate that HPAM can be transfo

关 键 词：环境工程学 废水 降解 红外光谱(IR) 扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 微生物 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]