上海后滩湿地沉水植物群落系统对底泥的生态修复效应  

On the effects of the submerged macrophyte community systems on the sedimentary restoration of Shanghai Houtan wetland

作　　者：董悦[1] 霍姮翠[1] 谢文博[1] 杜佳沐[1] 罗思亭[1] 王聪[1] 张饮江[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第2期147-153,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家水专项(08ZX07101-005);国家科委世博专项(05ba908b23);上海市科委项目(05dz05823;08dz19004);上海市重点学科建设项目(Y1101;S307017)

摘　　要：利用5种不同沉水植物群落系统对中国2010上海世博区后滩湿地底泥进行生态修复,于2009年8月—2010年8月对沉水植物覆盖度与生物量,以及底泥有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)的分布与变化进行动态监测。结果表明:沉水植物群落覆盖度、生物量有明显的季节变化,总体呈升高趋势,且与底泥OM、TN、TP呈正相关;底泥经修复后,OM质量分数、TN和TP质量比分别比背景值降低61.9%～79.7%、78.7%～83.9%、32.3%～42.7%;底泥有机指数从IV级(有机污染)降至II级(较清洁),降低了水体富营养化的风险;2010年8月各净化区沉水植物群落数量特征均高于2009年8月,1区的伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllumverticillatum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)群落以及2区的苦草(Vallisneria natans(Lour.)Hara)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)对营养物的去除效果较其他净化区显著;底泥OM质量分数、TN质量比在垂直的0～30 cm内分布较一致,TP质量比在0～15 cm内降低,在15～30 cm内升高。研究表明,后滩湿地沉水植物群落系统对底泥营养盐修复效果明显,沉水植物群落逐渐趋于稳定,具有一定可持续性。This research aims to introduce its 5 different systems of submerged macrophyte communities in hoping to implement the sediment restoration of Houtan wetland in 2010 Shanghai Expo. The present authors have made investigation and analysis of the coverage and biomass of submerged macrophtyes, the distribution and variation of organic matters （OM）, the total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） in the sediment of Houtan wetland in the period from August 2009 to August 2010. The results of our investigation and analysis have shown that the coverage and biomass of submerged macrophtye communities reveal an obvious seasonal variation, indicating an increasing tendency on the whole. The coverage and biomass of the submerged macrophtye communities both have positive relation with the sediment of OM, TN and TP, most of which are in significantly positive interactive correlations. When restored, the sediments of OM, TN and TP are likely to turn out shrunken to 61.9%-79.7%, 78.7%-83.9% and 32.3%-42.7% of their original size, respectively. And, when the organic indexes of the sediments were rendering from the highest grade IV （organic pollution） to grade II （relatively clean）, the risk of eutrophication would also be rendered down in turn effectively. Besides, we have found that the quantity indexes of submerged macrophtye communities in each purification area in August 2010 turned to be higher than that in August 2009, and the submerged macrophtye community consisted of Elodea nuttallii, Myriophyllumverticillatum, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum L. in Area 1 and the submerged macrophtye community consisted of Vallisneria natans （Lour.） Hara, Ceratophyllum demersum L., Hydrilla verticillata in Area 2 may have significant effects on the nutrient removal than other purification areas. Though the distribution distance between the sediments of OM and TN separately in longitudinal 0-30 cm may seem to be approximately the same, the distribution of TP would be increased in 0-15 cm and decrea

关 键 词：生态学 城市湿地 水体底泥 沉水植物 生态修复 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]