冷锋型和蒙古气旋型沙尘暴过程若干统计特征的对比分析  

Comparative Analyses on Some Statistic Characteristics between Cold Front and Mongolia Cyclone Duststorm Processes

作　　者：云静波 姜学恭 孟雪峰 吴学宏 迎春 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区气象台,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]锡林郭勒盟气象局,内蒙古锡林浩特026000

出　　处：《高原气象》2013年第2期423-434,共12页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40965005);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2010MS0613)共同资助

摘　　要：利用气象观测资料对2001-2010年共184次影响我国北方冷锋型和蒙古气旋型沙尘暴过程进行了对比分析。结果表明,近10年我国沙尘天气呈波动减少趋势,2001年最多,之后逐渐减少,2010年又略有增加趋势;冷锋型沙尘天气过程次数多于蒙古气旋型,分别占总次数的60%和40%,与1957-1996年相关研究相比,近10年蒙古气旋型沙尘天气过程有明显的增多趋势;两类过程基本上持续1～3天,其中,蒙古气旋型平均持续1.68天,略长于冷锋型(1.54天);表征冷锋强度的地面冷高压最大强度出现在1月,而蒙古气旋中心气压最低出现在4月;两类天气系统导致的沙尘天气过程中,绝大部分为沙尘暴过程,且分别占总次数的75%和92%,黑风暴分别占9%和19%,表明蒙古气旋型沙尘天气过程更强;两类过程中,最大风速基本在12～20m.s-1之间(占80%),且蒙古气旋型的最大风速波动小于冷锋型;冷锋型多向东和东南方向移动,且以西北-东南向为主,影响新疆、西北、华北及华东地区,蒙古气旋型则向东、东偏南和东偏北方向移动,且以向东移动为主,主要影响西北、华北及东北地区,影响范围小于冷锋型。Using meteorological observation data, the cold-front and Mongolia cyclone duststorm processes occurred in north of China during 2001-2010 were comparatively analysed. The results show that, the occurrences of the duststorm in China decreased in a fluctuating way. The maximum value appeared in 2001, then decreased annually except a bit increase in 2010. The cold-front duststorm processes happened more often than the Mongolia cyclone type, 60% and 40% of the total occurrence, respectively. Compared with previous related studies, the number of Mongolia cyclone duststorm process showed an evident increasing in recent 10 years. The two types of duststorm processes usually lasted 1-3 days. The average duration day of Mongolia cyclone duststorm process is 1.68 days which is a bit longer than that of cold-front dust storm process （1.54 days）. The maximum central pressure of cold high that can represent the cold-front intensity happened in January while the minimum value of central pressure of Mongolia cy- clone happened in April. Most of the duststorm processes caused by the cold-front and Mongolia cyclone is dust storm, which taking respectively 75% and 92% of the total processes. For the black storm, it took 9% and 19% of the total processes, respectively. It shown that the Mongolia cyclone duststorm process is stronger than that of the cold-front type. 80% of the maximum wind speed in the two types of processes is between 12-20 m · s^-1. The variation of maximum wind speed in Mongolia cyclone dust storm process is less than that of cold-front type. Most of the cold-front dust storms moved towards east and southeast with its main direction NW-SE. They can usually reach Xinjiang Province, the northwest, northeast and the east parts of China. Most of the Mongolia cyclone duststorms can forward to the east, the southeast and the northeast parts of China with its main direction east. Mongolia cyclone duststorms often influence on the northwest, the north and the northeast parts of China. Its coverage is smaller than

关 键 词：沙尘暴 冷锋 蒙古气旋 气候特征 

分 类 号：P425.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]