永定河北京段蒸散发研究  

Evaporation study in Beijing Section of the Yongding River

作　　者：张士锋[1,2] 王翠翠[1,3] 孟秀敬[1,3] 华东[1,3] 门宝辉[4] 李智飞[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院陆地水循环及地表过程重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]华北电力大学,北京102206

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2013年第4期580-586,共7页Progress in Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171032);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB955304)

摘　　要：永定河北京段蒸散发研究对永定河生态走廊建设有着重要的支撑作用。本文采用多种方法计算了永定河北京段的水面蒸发、潜在蒸散发和实际陆面蒸散发,结果显示:北京段水面蒸发为1182 mm,潜在蒸散发为969mm,1999-2009年北京市实际蒸散发494 mm。对各种水面蒸散发计算结果比较,并通过相关分析和RMSE分析发现,利用中国科学院地理研究所方法计算永定河北京段水面蒸散发较为合理,施成熙方法、前苏联扎依可夫方法计算结果相近,但彭曼公式结果偏大。潜在蒸散发采用Presley-Taylor公式,而联合国粮农组织(FAO)修正的彭曼公式和Hargreaves公式结果都偏大。研究区的实际蒸散量使用傅抱璞方法计算,结果得到了相同研究时段北京市水量平衡研究成果的验证。相比而言,张鲁公式和Turc公式结果偏大,而高桥公式所得结果与傅抱璞方法最为接近。Evaporation study in Beijing section of the Yongding River is of great significance to the ecological corridor construction since the Yongding River is recognized as the mother river of Beijing. Several methods are used to calculate water surface evaporation, potential evaporation and actual evaporation in Beijing, China. The research result indicates that water surface evaporation in Beijing is 1182 mm, potential evaporation is 969 mm, and actual evaporation from 1999 to 2009 was 494 mm, while the actual evaporation is 371 mm in the moun- tainous area, and 425 mm in the plain area when no irrigation is applied. Comparison study is undertaken to the adaptability of the different evaporation method and formula. The Hongjialian formula developed by the Chinese academy of Sciences is applicable to the free water evaporation, and the results of Shichengxi formula and Zaikov formula are close to the measured result. Meanwhile the result by Penman formula is bigger. The cause of which is due to the dynamic part estimate in Penman formula. The correlation analysis and root-mean-square error （RMSE） is used to verify the research results. The average value and RMSE analysis show that the Hongjiallan formula is the best way to simulate the water surface evaporation although the correlation analysis shows that the Shichengxi formula is a suitable way. The applicable Potential evaporation method is Presley-Taylor in this Study. The results of UN-FAO formula, Hargreves formula, and equilibrium method are not suitable to the result in Beijing. As to the actual evaporation, the Fubaopu method is adapted to the research since it is verified by water balance result. While Zhanglu method and Turc method can be adjusted to each other, but the result of Takahashi Kouichiro is very close to the Fubaopu＇ s result.

关 键 词：蒸散发 彭曼公式 Presley-Taylor公式 傅抱璞公式 永定河 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]