不同空间尺度三维建筑景观变化  

Variations of three-dimensional architecture landscape at different spatial scales

作　　者：张培峰[1,2] 胡远满[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)储运与建筑工程学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第5期1319-1325,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41171155和40801069)资助

摘　　要：以沈阳市铁西区建筑物三维信息为基础数据,从建筑高度、密度、体积与体形、分布均匀度与空间拥挤度等方面构建了三维建筑景观评价指标,分别从区域、功能分区和梯度带3个角度分析了三维建筑景观的变化特征。结果表明:从1997年到2008年,铁西区建筑向垂直方向扩张,建筑空间分布越来越不均匀,空间拥挤度、建筑平均体积与容积率逐渐增大;居住区平均高度、平均体积、覆盖率、容积率、空间拥挤程度最小,建筑分布最均匀;商业区除建筑高度变异系数和平均体形系数最小外,其余指标值最大;工业区高度变异系数和平均体形系数最大,空间分布最不均匀;从梯度带上看,建筑使用类型的差异决定了三维建筑景观的变化特征。To explore the variations of three-dimensional architecture landscape is of significance in researching urban three-dimensional landscape. Taking the building＇ s three-dimensional infor- mation of Tiexi District of Shenyang, Northeast China in 1997, 2002, 2005, and 2008 as the basic data, an index system including building＇ s height, density, volume and configuration, dis- tribution evenness, and space crowded degree was established to evaluate the three-dimensional architecture landscape, and its spatiotemporal variations were studied at district, functional zone, and gradient transect scales. From 1997 to 2008, the buildings in the District were growing in vertical direction and shrinking in horizontal direction, with the architectural space being increas- ingly in uneven distribution, and the average volume, floor area ratio, and space crowded degree being gradually increased. At functional zone scale, the buildings average height, average vol- ume, average coverage ratio, average floor area ratio, and space crowded degree were the least in residential districts, but the largest in commercial areas. The values of the variation coefficient of building＇ s height and the coefficient of building＇ s average configuration were the least in com- mercial areas but the largest in industrial areas. At gradient transect, the differences of the build- ing＇ s use types decided the variation characteristics of the three-dimensional architecture land- scape.

关 键 词：三维建筑景观指数 景观变化 功能区 梯度带 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]