线虫转型发育和寄主识别的化学通讯研究进展  

Research progress on chemical communication of development and host-finding of nematodes

作　　者：张宾[1,2] 胡春祥[1] 石进 蒋丽雅 汤宗斌 石敬夫 赵莉蔺[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]安徽省国有林管理局,合肥230001 [4]安徽省林业有害生物防治检疫局,合肥230031 [5]合肥市森林病虫害防治检疫站,合肥230031 [6]安徽省全椒县森林病虫害防治检疫站,全椒239500

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第7期2003-2012,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(201004003);国家自然科学基金(30970369;31221091;31272323);国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目(2009CB119200);中国科学院创新工程项目(KSCX2-EW-J-2)

摘　　要：线虫是一类低等无脊椎动物,在自然界分布很广。因为线虫通常生活在土壤或寄生物中,没有适宜的视觉或听觉系统,接收环境信号的重要途径就是借助于其精细的化学感受系统。研究表明,线虫能够通过识别挥发性物质来引导一系列行为:取食、交配、产卵和驱避有毒物质、避免高种群密度等。目前,对线虫化学感受机制的研究越来越被人们所重视,也取得了一些突破性进展。综合近年来已有的研究成果,从发育调控机制、寄主识别机制、化学感受机理等方面进行了详细系统的总结,并对未来研究和线虫防治进行了展望。Nematodes are globally distributed invertebrates, which are often found living in soil or as parasites of animals, insects and plants. They lack vision and hearing systems, so the survival of both free-living and parasitic nematodes depends on well developed chemosensation and chemotaxis systems. Nematodes utilize chemical signals in their environment to detect food sources, potential hosts, noxious compounds, reproductive partners and sometimes to enable them to choose between alternative developmental states. Interest in the mechanisms involved in chemosensing and identification of the discrete components of the chemical signals has steadily increased over the past few decades. Here we have summarized and evaluated recent discoveries and advances in this field, involving the mechanism of developmental regulation, the recognition of hosts, the construction and function of the chemoreceptor system, signal transduction, the prospects for related research and the control of harmful nematodes based on chemical ecology. The pheromonal cues that indicate overcrowding, high temperature, or modulating endocrine signaling and starvation can trigger the nematodes to enter gene expression. The genetic and molecular into diapause and enhance longevity by basis of phenotypic plasticity has beenstudied extensively in Caenorhabditis elegans, and recently, it was discovered that pheromones called ascarosides secreted by C. elegans themselves induce formation of the dauer stage and the four chemoreceptors of the dauer juveniles. Recognition of hosts by nematodes is very specific and the chemical signals from the hosts, as well as the chemoreceptors of the nematodes play key roles in this process. Both free-living and parasitic nematodes can sense chemical signals comprised of water soluble and/or volatile compounds. The chemotaxis of C. elegans has been studied for over 30 years and inducing substances identified thus far include salt ion （Na, Li, CI-, OH-）, amino acid, nucleotides, biotin and some volatiles （pyrazine, dia

关 键 词：线虫 化学感受 发育调控 寄主识别 化学通讯 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]