输水前后塔里木河下游物种多样性与水因子的关系  

Analysis of the relationship between species diversity and hydrologic factors during an interval of intermittent water delivery at the Lower Reaches of Tarim River,China

作　　者：陈永金[1,2] 刘加珍[1] 陈亚宁 李新功 朱海勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]聊城大学环境与规划学院,聊城252059 [2]荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第7期2212-2224,共13页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40901276,40871239,40871059);中国博士后基金(2012M512058);山东省优秀中青年科学家奖励基金(2011BSB01256)资助

摘　　要：为检验连续7a的输水对塔里木河下游生态系统稳定性的影响,根据2006年与2010年塔里木河下游地下水埋深、地下水质以及植被调查资料,分析了2006到2010年间物种多样性、地下水位和水质变化状况,利用非参数相关和RDA排序对输水间歇物种多样性与地下水位、水质关系变化作了探讨,结果发现:塔里木河下游输水停止后地下水位不断下降,地下水矿化度也有小幅度增加;物种多样性Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数、Margalef指数、Patrick指数以及Cody指数都以下降为主,表明塔里木河下游受损生态系统尚不具备自维持能力;物种多样性与地下水埋深和地下水矿化度的关系为,地下水平均埋深为5 m左右时,物种多样性主要受地下水质状况的影响,而当地下水平均埋深大于6.5 m时,物种多样性的制约因子则为地下水位。因此,从物种多样性角度看,塔里木河下游的合理水位应在5 m左右,大于6.5 m则是物种多样性的胁迫水位.Tarim River is located in south Xinjiang, northwest China. With a length of 1321 km, it is one of the longest inland rivers in the world. The name translates to ＂ Water of Life＂, and certainly the river plays a key role in the development of the local society and the health of the ecosystem. Water resource development driven by irrational exploitation and increases in water utilization at the upper reaches over the past five decades has greatly disturbed the natural distribution of water resources within the valley. One major consequence is that more than 321 km of the watercourse has been drained after the Daxihaizi Reservoir was built in the 1970s. Consequently, groundwater depths along the dry watercourse increased leading to continual deterioration of groundwater quality. Along with fall in groundwater level and deterioration of groundwater quality, was the deterioration of the desert riparian system at the lower reaches of Tarim River. The desert riparian system reached a state of collapse： the area of Populus euphratica forest, the main tree species of the region, declined from 5.4 x 104--0. 523 x 104 hm2 along the lower reaches of Tarim River, while the area covered by shrub and meadow decreased by 200 km2. In addition, a total area of 12,300 km2 experienced desertification. To prevent the continued deterioration of the ecosystem along the dried-up watercourse and to prevent further desertification, a water delivery project has been carried out. Starting from May 2000, the water in Boston Lake was intermittently supplied to thedry watercourse. By December 2006, 11 intermittent water releases had been carried out. The released water played a critical role in vegetation recovery. However, from December 2006--June 2010, the ecological water delivery ceased. This provided a research opportunity for studying the stability of the ecosystem at the lower Tarim River after seven years of introduced water deliveries. The aims of this study were to 1 ） describe the variations in groundwater depths and the qua

关 键 词：塔里木河 生态输水 物种多样性 合理地下水位 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]