加气灌溉对温室番茄生长和果实品质的影响  

Influence of aeration irrigation on growth and fruit quality of greenhouse tomato

作　　者：温改娟[1] 蔡焕杰[1] 陈新明[1] 刘红英[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期113-118,124,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50779059);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50939005);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20110204130004);西北农林科技大学留学人员科研项目(Z111020909)

摘　　要：【目的】探明加气灌溉滴头埋深和加气灌水频率对温室番茄生长、产量和品质的影响,为实际生产应用奠定基础。【方法】采用温室小区对照试验,设置滴头埋深水平(10,15,20cm)和加气灌水频率(3d1次、6d1次),均以对应的不加气灌溉为对照,共组成12个处理,比较不同处理对番茄植株生长及果实产量和品质的影响。【结果】加气灌溉可以提高番茄的生长量、产量及品质,使番茄株高增加36.54%,茎粗增加6.81%,产量增加44.96%,有机酸含量增加2.5%,Vc含量增加11.9%,硬度增加4.3%,糖酸比降低5.4%。6d1次加气灌溉番茄株高、茎粗、产量均大于3d1次加气灌溉处理;其中,番茄株高增加32.76%,茎粗增加5.87%,产量增加13.76%,有机酸含量增加9.8%,Vc含量增加11.7%,硬度增加3%,糖酸比降低12.8%。在灌水频率相同的情况下,滴头埋深对番茄生长的影响不大,但相对而言,15cm的滴头埋深更有利于提高作物的生长量、产量和品质。【结论】番茄全生育期单株总灌水量为18.28L的条件下,加气灌溉对植株生长量及果实产量和品质的影响明显优于不加气处理;灌水频率为6d1次且滴头埋深为15cm的处理,最有利于番茄生长量的增加、产量的提高和品质的改善。[Objective] This study aimed to study the effects of aeration irrigation with different drip depths and aeration irrigation frequencies on growth,yield and quality of greenhouse tomato to improve the application of aeration irrigation. [Method] This article studied the controlled trials of greenhouse tomatoes. There were 12 treatments with different drops deep levels （10,15, and 20 cm） ,aeration irrigation frequencies （once every 3 d and once every 6 d）,and corresponding controls without aeration irrigation. [Result] Aeration improved the increment, yield and quality of tomato and the plant height, stem diameter, yield,organic acids,Vc,and hardness increased by 36.54% ,6.81% ,44.96% ,2.5% ,11.9% ,and 4.3% respectively,while acid-sugar ratio decreased by 5.4%. The increment,yield and quality of tomato and plant height,stem diameter, yield, organic acids, Vc, and hardness of treatment with every 6 d were 32.76%,5.87%,13.76%,9.8%,11.7%,3%,and 12.8% higher aeration treatment once than those of treatment once every 3 d. With the same irrigation frequency,the emitter depths had less impact. Emitter with 15 cm depth had best increment,yield and quality. [Conclusion] With a total irrigation quantity of 18.28L,treatment with aeration of once every 6 d and with emitter at 15 cm depth was superior to other treatments.

关 键 词：温室番茄 加气灌溉 生长指标 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程] S626[农业科学—农业工程]