绿地格局对城市地表热环境的调节功能  

Effects of urban green pattern on urban surface thermal environment

作　　者：陈爱莲[1,2] 孙然好[1] 陈利顶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第8期2372-2380,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学重点基金项目(41230633);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主资助项目(SKLURE2008-1-02)

摘　　要：城市绿地作为一种稀缺资源,为城市可持续发展提供多种生态服务功能保障。探讨如何在有限的土地资源内合理配置城市绿地,使其发挥最大的生态服务功能非常重要。研究基于北京市2002年7月的QuickBird数据和Landsat 7 ETM+数据分别提取城市绿地格局和地表温度,分析城市绿地格局(绿地面积、形状指数、邻接关系)与绿地地表温度及冷岛强度的相关关系。邻接关系包括邻接绿地斑块个数百分比和邻接绿地斑块面积百分比。邻接绿地斑块面积百分比采用缓冲区分析法,主要以乔木林地对地表热环境的调节作用为例。结果表明绿地格局参数对地表温度的影响相差较大:①城区主要的绿地类型(乔木林地、水体、草地)的温度都与其面积呈显著负相关,其中水体的相关系数最高;②只有乔木林地、水体的温度与其形状指数呈显著负相关,而灌木林地的温度与各个格局参数不相关;③乔木林地的缓冲区分析显示温度与其大小、形状、邻接绿地面积百分比关系都呈负相关,其中与邻接绿地面积百分比的相关关系最强,其冷岛强度也主要受邻接绿地面积百分比的影响。基于遥感识别的城市绿地微气候调节功能研究,有助于提高有限的城市绿地的生态服务功能,并可为城市绿地的规划管理和景观分析提供依据。Urban green has diverse forms and functions. It provides many kinds ofecosystem services for cities to maintain urban sustainability. However, urban land resources are always so limited and precious that too much land for urban green is not applicable. It is thus very important to maximize ecosystem services of limited urban greenby rational allocation of the existing urban green spaces. In this study, a case study was carried on part of Beijing. QuickBird （QB） data of Beijing on July 5, 2002 was selected for urban green extraction, and ETM ＋ data of Landsat 7 on July 9, was chosen to retrieve land surface temperature （LST）. Correlation analysis was investigated between urban green LST, old island intensity and different urban green pattern. 6 different urban green types-Woodland, Shrubland, Grassland, Wetland Ⅰ, Wetland Ⅱ , and Cropland were interpreted, and three kinds of pattern parameters were analyzed, including size, shape, and adjacency relationships. Size was represented by area of urban green patches. Shape was indicated by shape index SI= P/ （2√πA） , where, P and A is the parameter and area of green patches respectively. Adjacent relations were presented both by relative green patch numbers in Neighborhood--Neighborhood Mean （N_MN ） as well as Green Percentage （GP） in the Neighborhood buffers. Neighborhood Mean was calculated from urban green vector data on Neighborhood mean tool of Patch Analysis. 15 m to 90 m buffers were created based on selected green vector data for counting Green Percentage（ GP_15, GP _30, ...,GP_90） and the mean LST in the Neighborhood buffers. Cool island intensity CII （CII_15,CII 30,..., CII_90） was derived by subtracting urban green LST from mean LST in the Neighborhood buffers. GIS Mapping and statistical analysis was carried out after all urban green pattern parameters, LST and CII data prepared. Results show that park with Waterland presented cooler island than park simply with vegetation, and that different pattern parametersof differen

关 键 词：城市绿地 城市热岛效应 冷岛强度 景观格局 北京 

分 类 号：S731.2[农业科学—林学]