论宗教改革时期德国的两种地方政权  

Two Types of Local Government in the Age of German Reformation

作　　者：朱孝远[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《史学集刊》2013年第3期65-75,共11页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：教育部规划基金项目"德国农民战争中的话语政治:从1525年革命的政治目标看近代西方政治的起源"(10YJA770077)的成果

摘　　要：德国的政治体制,在16世纪发生显著变化,形成了两种发展趋势。在诸侯势力强大的地区,出现了诸侯领地邦国;在诸侯势力较弱而农村社区又较为发展的地区,出现了普通人建立百姓共和国的方案。本文分析这两种趋势产生的原因及其与宗教改革运动的关系,进而在德国历史学家布瑞克教授研究的基础上,对诸侯领地邦国的性质、百姓共和国的可操作性、宗教改革与百姓共和国的关系三个问题上,提出自己的不同看法。作者认为:尽管因为农民战争的失败百姓共和国无法建成,但从历史视野看,百姓共和国的理念却代表着宗教改革时期德国政治的实质性进步。只有在充分体现民意的政治结构下,才能建立真正的近代政治制度。国家的良好形象,正是藉着公平、公正和公共利益,在民众心目中树立起来的。This paper explores the different political natures of prince＇s territory state and the Common Man＇s Republic and seeks to relate them to the values and attitudes of the princes and the social groups which were called ＂the Common Man＂. Based primarily on careful reading of the printed sources, chiefly pamphlets, this paper filled out the emerging consensus that has been developed by Peter Blickle and others. However, different from Peter Blickle, this paper believes that the princes＇ territory state is not the early modem state; the Common Man＇s political ideal is not utopia; and the ideological basis of the Common Man is neither from Martin Luther nor from Zwingli, but out of common people＇s own requirements. This paper speaks highly of the Common Man＇s Republic, considering it as a kind of true early modem state, representing the substantive progress of the 16th century politics.

关 键 词：诸侯领地邦国 路德 盖斯迈尔 公共利益 

分 类 号：K516[历史地理—历史学] D751.6[历史地理—世界史]