西方高端人才跨国流动研究述评  

TRANSNATIONAL MOBILITY OF THE HIGHLY SKILLED:A REVIEW

作　　者：刘晔[1] 沈建法[1] 刘于琪[2] 

机构地区：[1]香港中文大学地理与资源管理系 [2]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广州510275

出　　处：《人文地理》2013年第2期7-12,共6页Human Geography

基　　金：香港中文大学研究基金项目(2021070)

摘　　要：基于文献分析法,对西方高端人才跨国流动研究进行述评,探讨其跨国流动的空间特征、动力机制和社会影响。跨国人才主要的流动方向为发展中国家流向发达国家,发达国家之间进行人才交换,以及发达国家向新兴工业化国家回流,在空间上高度集中在发达国家和新兴工业化国家的世界城市。其流动机制包括全球政治经济与文化转型、跨国流动渠道、政府管制以及流动者个体决策。其为流出地带来人才流失的困扰以及人才回流的红利,为流入地带来社会分化、居住隔离和种族排斥等社会问题。最后,就国内学者开展相关研究提出一些建议。With the rise ofglobalization and knowledge-based economy, transnational mobility of the highly skilled has emerged as a salient issue and has triggered a heated debate in Western countries. Based on existing geographic, demographic, ethnic, and racial literature, this paper provides a comprehensive and systematic review of Western literature on transnational mobility of skilled people and elaborates the spatial patterns, mechanism, and socio-economic implications of their mobility. At the regional scale, transnational skilled labor is highly concentrated on world cities of developed countries and newly industrialized countries, and the power of drawing and managing transnational elites represent a city＇s managerial role in the global economic system. The mechanism oftransnational skilled mobility is considered on multiple scales. It is conditioned by global political, economic and cultural restructuring at the macro scale, migration management and migration channels at the meso scale, and the decision-making of transnational elites themselves at the micro scale. The next section provides a review of socio-economic influences of transnational mobility of skilled labor on both origins and destinations. With regard to origin countries, some scholars asserted that skilled transnational mobility may undermine social and economic development of less-developed countries through the process of brain drain, but others, in the light of dramatic economic success of Asian newly industrialized countries over the last few decades, claimed that less-developed countries may benefit from reversed brain drain and brain circulation. In the final section, this paper proposes some suggestions for future relevant research in the Chinese context： theoretically, to adopt the most recent theoretical perspectives derived from Western literature on skilled transnational mobility; empirically, to analyze skilled transnational mobility from a micro perspective by integrating qualitative and quantitative approaches; additionally, to valu

关 键 词：跨国流动 高端劳动力 空间特征 流 动机制 社会影响 

分 类 号：K901.3[历史地理—人文地理学]