基于场域理论的文化遗产旅游地多维空间生产研究——以江南水乡周庄古镇为例  

A FIELD THEORY TO THE PRODUCTION OF MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SPACE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE TOURISM DESTINATION——A Case Study of Zhouzhuang Ancient Town

作　　者：郭文[1,2] 黄震方[2] 

机构地区：[1]无锡商业职业技术学院旅游管理学院,无锡214153 [2]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210046

出　　处：《人文地理》2013年第2期117-124,共8页Human Geography

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(11YJCZH047);江苏省高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师培养计划基金项目;国家自然科学基金项目(40971087);博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20093207110008)

摘　　要：本文以皮埃尔.布迪厄的"场域理论"和列斐伏尔"空间的生产理论"为视角,以深度访谈和参与观察为基础,对周庄古镇从"一元同心并置结构"到"多元同心嵌套结构"转变过程中的多维空间生产进行了分析,结果表明:旅游场域形成之前的空间属于"内源性自生式本体空间",以"物理属性"为主;旅游场域形成后的空间属于"外源性嵌入式构建空间",倾向于"社会属性";旅游开发使物质空间景观化、文化空间多元化和社会空间复杂化,空间的分异和碎化趋向表明古镇社区正由"差序格局"转向"团体格局",进而表现为一种混合性"属地格局"。空间生产的动力机制主要是全球化背景下的地方怀旧情结、空间生产背后的政治力量博弈和空间生产中社区精英示范效应三种原因所致。本文指出在旅游快速发展背景下,古镇空间不是空洞的空间,空间的生产方向应该成为关注的焦点,这对理解古镇旅游空间场域的形成、生产及包容性发展具有重要导向。Viewing from the Field Theory by Pierre Bourdieu and Space Production Theory by Lefebvre, based on the methods of in-depth interviews and participant observation, this paper analyzes the Multi-dimension of Space Production changing from Apposition Structure with Monism and Concentric Plan to Multiple Nested Structures with Concentric Plan in Zhouzhuang, the ancient water town south of Yangtze River. The results indicate that the space is characterized by endogenesis, autochthonous and ontology before the theory of tourism field came into being. It tended to take on the physical attribute. It belongs to exogenous and em- bedded construction space after the theory came into being. Then it tends to take on the social attribute. Tourism development causes the physical space landscapized, cultural space diversified and social space complicated. The tendency of spatial differentiation and fragmentation indicates that differential communities are transforming to the identical ones. Furthermore, it represents a mixed territorial mode. The dynamic mechanism of space production results from local nostalgia, the game between political powers behind the space production and the demonstrating effect of the community elites in space production. Based on these, this paper argues that with the quick development of tourism, the space of the ancient town is not inane. Pro- duction orientation should become the focus of attention.

关 键 词：文化遗产地 旅游场域 多维空间生产 动力机制 周庄 

分 类 号：F590.75[经济管理—旅游管理]