施肥对油菜及田间杂草物质养分积累的影响  

Effects of Fertilization on Nutrient Accumulation in Rape and Weeds in the Field

作　　者：陆志峰[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 鲁君明 任涛[1] 刘秀秀[1] 刘涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省荆州市大同湖管理区农技中心,湖北荆州434300

出　　处：《杂草科学》2013年第1期10-14,共5页Weed Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(编号:2010BAD01B05);国家油菜现代产业技术体系建设(编号:CARS-13)

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,研究了不同施肥处理对油菜和田间杂草物质养分积累的影响,以期为油菜田杂草的生态防控提供理论依据。结果表明,氮磷钾硼配施(NPKB)处理油菜产量最高,为1 487.1 kg/hm2,其次是缺K(NPB)处理(1 431.2 kg/hm2),缺P(NKB)和缺N(PKB)处理油菜产量均很低,分别为836.4 kg/hm2和407.7 kg/hm2,油菜干物质累积量的变化趋势与产量的一致。缺P处理杂草的干物质累积量最高,为2 751.0 kg/hm2,其次是缺N(1 669.8 kg/hm2)和缺K处理(1 029.4 kg/hm2),NPKB处理的干物质累积量最低,仅为738.8 kg/hm2。施肥对植物养分含量有一定影响,缺P处理油菜N含量最高(2.06%),但P含量最低(0.22%);而缺N处理油菜N含量最低(0.89%),但P含量最高(0.32%);施肥对油菜K含量的影响不显著。缺N处理杂草P含量最高(0.50%),NPKB处理杂草K含量最高(3.39%),而其他各处理的N、P、K含量没有明显差别。NPKB处理和缺K处理油菜的养分累积量远大于杂草,缺N条件下杂草的养分累积量明显大于油菜,缺P处理杂草的N累积量低于油菜,而P和K的累积量都显著大于油菜。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the ecological control of weeds, the effect of fertilization on nutrient accumulation by rape and weeds were tested in a field trial. The highest rape yield （ 1 487.1 kg/hm2 ） was obtained when NPKB was applied,followed by that obtained with the NPB treatment （ 1 431.2 kg/hm2 ）. Very low yields of only 836.4 and 407.7 kg/hm2 were obtained when NKB or PKB were used, respectively. The dry matter accumulation by rape followed the same pattern as yield. The highest accumulation of dry matter by weeds （2 751.0 kg/hm2 ） occurred when NKB was used followed in decreasing order by treatments with PKB （ 1 669.8 kg/hm2 ）, NPB （ 1 029.4 kg/hm2 ）, and NPKB （738.8 kg/hm2）. Fertilization affected the nutrient content of the rape plant. The highest N content （2.06%） was found in plants treated with NKB but their P content was the lowest （0.22%）. Conversely,when PKB was used,the N content was lowest （0.89%） but the P content was highest （0.32%）. In weeds,the highest P content （0.50%） and K content （3.39%） were found when PKB and NPKB were used, respectively. The N, P and K contents in weeds did notdiffer with the application of the other treatments. Rape accumulated more nutrients than weeds when NPKB and NPB were used and likewise weeds treated with PKB ac-cumulated more nutrients than rape. Weeds accumulated less N than rape but P and K accumulation in weeds was significantly higher than that of rape in the NKB treatment.

关 键 词：施肥 油菜 杂草 干物质累积量 养分含量 养分累积量 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]