土壤类型对东北粳稻光合物质生产特征及稻米品质的影响  

Influence of Soil Type on Characteristics of Photosynthetic Production and Grain Quality of japonica Rice in Northeast China

作　　者：李洪亮[1] 孙玉友[1] 曲金玲[1] 魏才强[1] 孙国宏[1] 赵云彤[1] 赵立斐[2] 柴永山[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157041 [2]黑龙江农业经济职业学院,黑龙江牡丹江157041

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2013年第3期287-296,共10页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：黑龙江省科技攻关计划资助项目(GA09B102-1);黑龙江省省长基金资助项目(2009HSJ-B-5);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-41)

摘　　要：以响水火山玄武岩天然石板地、人造石板地和附近非石板地为试验对象,研究了不同土壤类型对东北粳稻光合物质生产特征及稻米品质的影响。结果表明:1)非石板地同天然石板地、人造石板地相比,各时期单茎干物质量差异达到显著或极显著水平;拔节至成熟期,非石板地群体干物质积累量明显高于天然石板地和人造石板地,后两者间差异不显著;2)不同土壤类型间水稻叶面积指数在拔节期差异不显著,拔节后,叶面积指数差异达到显著或极显著水平,且叶面积指数表现为非石板地>天然石板地>人造石板地;3)有效叶面积率在不同土壤类型间没有显著差异,而高效叶面积率不同土壤类型间差异达极显著水平,非石板地最高,天然石板地次之,人造石板地最低;4)播种至拔节期、拔节至抽穗期、抽穗至成熟期及全生育期总的光合势,均表现为非石板地最高,天然石板地次之,人造石板地最低,且差异都达到显著或极显著水平;5)供试品种在火山玄武岩天然石板地上种植,其糙米率、整精米率、垩白米率、垩白度、胶稠度、蛋白质含量及食味评分均高于人造石板地和非石板地,而直链淀粉含量却低于人造石板地和非石板地。The influence of soil type（including the natural flagstone land of Xiangshui volcanic basalt, artificial flagstone land and nonflagstone land） on characteristics of photosynthesis, matter production and grain quality of japonica rice in Northeast China were researched. The results showed that there was significant difference in dry matter weight per stem between nonflagstone land and the two flagstone lands at each stage. Dry matter weight of population in nonflagstone land was significantly higher than that in natural and artificial flagstone lands from jointing to maturity, and there was no significant difference between the two flagstone lands. The leaf area index was generally no much difference in jointing stage among different soil types. After jointing, the leaf area index of nonflagstone land was significantly higher than that of natural flagstone land, and the leaf area index of natural flagstone land was significantly higher than that of artificial flagstone land. The leaf area rate of productive tillers at heading had no significant difference among different soil types, but the leaf area rate from flag leaf to 3rd leaf in nonflagstone land was significantly higher than that of natural flagstone land, and the minimum of leaf area rate from flag leaf to 3rd leaf was in artificial flagstone land. The total photosynthetic potential that from sowing to jointing, jointing to heading, heading to maturity and the whole growth duration was higher in nonflagstone land than that in natural flagstone land. The total photosynthetic potential was lowest in artificial flagstone land. And the difference among the three different environments was significant. In terms of the rice quality, the brown rice rate, head rice rate, chalky rice rate and chalkiness, gel consistency, protein content and sapor score in natural flagstone land were higher than those of artificial flagstone land and nonflagstone land, but the amylose content was lower than that in artificial flagstone and nonflagstone.

关 键 词：土壤类型 水稻 干物质量 光合生产特征 稻米品质 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]