乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川2009年出现物质正平衡  

A positive mass balance appeared at Urumuqi Glacier No. 1 in 2009

作　　者：张国飞[1] 李忠勤[1,2] 王文彬[2] 王卫东[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室/中国科学院天山冰川站,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2013年第2期263-268,共6页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(41121001);国家自然科学基金(41001040;41161012);国家自然科学基金委青年科学基金(41101066)资助;中国科学院知识创新工程(KZCX2-EW-311);中国科学寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才基金(No.51Y084911)

摘　　要：自1997年以来,乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川消融极为强烈,物质平衡呈大幅度亏损,连续12 a都处于强负平衡状态,平均物质平衡达-708 mm,且在2008年物质平衡达到历史最低值-999 mm,然而2009年出现了物质正平衡,物质平衡63 mm,年际变化量达1 062 mm。以2008-2009年物质平衡实测资料为基础,根据该地区的气温和降水资料分析,结果表明,造成这种现象的主要原因是夏季气温(5～8月)的降低,较2008年低1.8℃,致使冰川消融期的开始时间推迟至了7月份,结束时间提前到8月份,大大削弱了冰川的消融强度,其次是2005年以来逐渐增多的连续性降水,增加了冰川的积累量。The shrinkage of mountain glaciers in the 20th century has been occurring on a global scale, and the rate of shrinkage of most glaciers appears to have been accelerated during the past two or three decades. Observations of Urumqi Glacier No. 1 were initiated in 1959, implemented by the Tianshan Glaciological Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences. As the longest series data in China and a reference glacier in the World Glacier Monitoring Service gla cier monitoring network, Urumqi Glacier No. 1 provides the longest glaciological and climatological monitoring record in China. This paper is intended to analyze the mass balance of Glacier No.1 to identify its response to the changes in temperature.and precipitation. The techniques of glacier mass balance measurements using a standardized method have been described by Meier. The mass balance is calculated by contour maps of accumulation, ablation, and addi tional snow pits. Comparisons of methods for mass balance calculations show that the stake network generally pro vides accurate estimates of glacier mass balance. The total mass balance of the glacier （bn） can be obtained by the areaweighted method for all ahitude zones. Based on the past 51 years of mass balance observation data, some re suits were obtained. The mass balance process of Tianshan Mountains Glacier No.1 experienced glacier nine times positive balance fluctuation and nine times negative balance fluctuation, the rates of negative balance years with pos itive balance years are 35： 16. With global warming, the Urumqi Glacier No.1 is retreating and thinning rapidly, es pecially from 1997 to 2009, there are continuous 12 negative balance observation years at Tianshan Mountains Gla cier No.1. It shows that the Glacier No.1 in a strong negative numerical balance, and the strongest negative bal ance, 931 mm. w.e., emerges from 2008 during the observation period. And what＇ s more, the cumulative mass balance reaches 13 709 mm. w.e. in 2008. But in 2009 ,the mass balance is positive ,63 mm. w.e. ,and the

关 键 词：乌源1号冰川 物质正平衡 夏季气温 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]