丹江口库区果茶场Ⅱ旧石器遗址发掘简报  

A Preliminary Report on the Excavation of the Guochachang Ⅱ Paleolithic Site in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Region,Hubei Province

作　　者：李浩 李超荣[2] Kathleen KUMAN 

机构地区：[1]金山大学地理、考古与环境研究学院,南非约翰内斯堡WITS2050 [2]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [3]金山大学人类演化研究所,南非约翰内斯堡WITS2050

出　　处：《人类学学报》2013年第2期144-155,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40972016);南水北调工程湖北丹江库区文物保护研究课题(NK02);科技部国际合作重点项目(2007DFB20330)

摘　　要：丹江口库区果茶场Ⅱ旧石器遗址位于汉水上游左岸第三级阶地,海拔150-155m,2009年4-5月中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所对该遗址进行了发掘,揭露面积500m2,出土石制品132件。石制品类型有石锤、石核、石片、石器和断块,其中石器包括刮削器、砍砸器、手镐、手斧。剥片和加工石器的原料主要为磨圆度较高的河卵石,锤击法为主要的剥片技术,石核和石片的尺寸以中小型居多;石器中,砍砸器、手镐主要以砾石为毛坯直接加工,刮削器多采用小型石片毛坯进行加工,而手斧则以大石片为毛坯进行两面加工。遗址上部地层为强烈氧化的红色黏土层,含钙质结核和锰质薄膜;下部发育网纹红土。地层沉积物性质和地貌分析表明遗址年代大致为中更新世。Danjingkou reservoir is the source of water for the Middle Route Project of the South- to-North Water Diversion in China. It is adjacent to the Qinling Mountain in the North and Daba Mountain in the South, with the reservoir fed by the Hanshui River. During the Pleistocene, this area had a stable subtropical environment with abundant plant and animal resources suitable for hominid subsistence. This is a pivotal area for human migration and cultural communication between south and north China. The discovery of hominid fossils, such as Xichuan Man, Yunyang Man, Meipu Man, Yunxian Man, and abundant Paleolithic sites in this area highlight its significant position in the Paleoanthropology and Paleolithic archaeology of China. To cooperate with the construction of the national South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the field team of IVPP （Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences） conducted two surveys around the margin of the Danjiangkou reservoir in 1994 and 2004. Nine-one Paleolithic open-air sites were discovered, and some heavy-duty tools, like picks, handaxes and cleavers with Acheulean technological characteristics were also collected. In 2006, this team began excavations on some key sites, and Guochachang II was identified as an Early Paleolithic site. It was first discovered in 2004 and excavation conducted in April and May 2009. It is located on the left bank of Hanshui River＇s third terrace. The excavation exposed an area of 500 m2 and uncovered 132 stone artifacts in situ. The typology and technological analysis of these stone artifacts reveals that： 1） Lithic raw materials exploited at the site were locally available from ancient river gravels. Four kinds of raw materials were utilized： quartz, siliceous limestone, tuff and sandstone. Quartz is dominant for hammerstones, cores, flakes and chunks （85.45%）. For the various tools, scarpers were predominantly made on quartz （76.92%）, but the heavy-duty tools mainly employedsiliceous limestone a

关 键 词：丹江口库区 果茶场Ⅱ遗址 石制品 手斧 中更新世 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]