不同模拟飞行训练科目飞行员心率和心率变异性的变化  

Changes of Heart Rate and Its Variability of Pilots during Different Simulated Flight Training.

作　　者：李鸣皋[1] 张佳丽[1] 蒙果[1] 李靖[1] 

机构地区：[1]海军总医院全军航海航空医学中心,北京100048

出　　处：《航天医学与医学工程》2013年第2期96-99,共4页Space Medicine & Medical Engineering

基　　金：全军后勤重大课题(AHJ2011Z001)资助

摘　　要：目的比较特情处置模拟飞行训练与起落航线飞行过程中心率及心率变异性的变化,探讨模拟飞行训练过程中飞行员心理应激水平的变化特点。方法随机选取参加飞行模拟训练训练的飞行员20名,连续动态记录心电信号,对其在安静时及起落航线飞行、特情处置飞行2种科目模拟飞行前、中、后的心率及短时程心率变异性时域及频域参数进行分析。结果 1)飞行前6 min,HR、RMSSD、LFnu及LF/HF升高,SDNN、HRVI降低(P<0.05);飞行前特情飞行与起落飞行相比,RMSSD较低,LF/HF较高(P<0.01)。2)飞行过程中HR和HRV各指标均出现升高(P<0.05),各指标在2种科目之间无显著差异(P>0.05);3)飞行后,各项指标均有所恢复,但未至安静时水平(P<0.05)。特情处置飞行恢复较起落飞行更慢(P<0.01)。结论飞行前发生应激反应并伴有较轻的心理疲劳,特情处置飞行前应激反应明显高于起落航线飞行;飞行中出现较高的心理反应及心理疲劳,但2科目间无明显差异;飞行后应激水平有所恢复,但特情处置飞行的恢复速度较起落飞行慢。Objective To compare HR and HRV between emergency-procedure and pathway flights during sim ulated flight training, and explore the character of mental stress of the pilots. Methods Twenty healthy male pilots were randomly chosen to continuously record their electrocardiogram in 4 phases： rest state, before sim ulated flight, during simulated flight and after simulated flight. The training subjects included a simulated pathway flight and emergency-procedure simulated flight. Then the time domain and frequency domain parame ters of short-term heart rate variability were analyzed between four phases and two subjects. Results 1 ） Before simulated flight, HR, RMSSD, LFnu and LF/HF started to increase, SDNN and HRVI declined （P 〈 0.05 ）. Simulated emergency-procedure flight showed a lower RMSSD and a higher LF/HF than simulated pathway flight（ P 〈0.01 ）. 2 ）During simulated flight, HR and all the indices of HRV were significantly higher（ P 〈 0.05 ）, but there was no significant difference between the two subjects. 3） After simulated flight, all the indi- ces tended to recover, yet not to the level of rest state （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Simulated emergency-procedure flight seemed to recover more slowly than simulated pathway flight in HR and HRV. Couclusion Mental stress starts a few minutes before flight. Simulated emergency-procedure flight has a more severe stress than simulated pathway flight. During simulated flight, there is no significant difference in mental stress between the two sub- jects. They retrieve to rest level after simulated flight, but the stress in emergency-procedure subject recovers more slowly than pathway flight.

关 键 词：飞行员 模拟飞行 心率变异性 心理应激 

分 类 号：R852.21[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]