火炬树雌雄株生理生态特性差异研究  

Study on the Differences of Eco-physiological Characteristics of Male and Female Rhus typhina

作　　者：李国会[1] 温国胜[2] 张明如[3] 周泽福[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091 [2]浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院,浙江临安311300 [3]浙江农林大学健康与旅游学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2013年第2期263-268,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD31B02);国家自然科学基金(30771709)

摘　　要：火炬树（Rhus typhina Linn．）是漆树科盐肤木属树种，雌雄异株，1959年由中国科学院植物研究所引种。火炬树除了能够进行种子繁殖还具有根蘖繁殖的特点。有研究表明，兼有种子繁殖和无性繁殖双重特性的植物，其扩散能力和有效定居能力一般较强，尤其外来植物往往会自然逃逸成为入侵力极强的植物种，如加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis L.）、互花米草（Spartina alterniflora Loisel）和紫茎泽兰（Eupatorium Adenophorum Spreng）等。In order to compare the differences in eco-physiological characteristics between male and female plants and to further understand the ecological adaptability of Rhus typhina Linn. , the diurnal variations of photosynthetic parameters and the fluorescence characteristics of male and female plants were determined respectively with photo-synthesis system （CIRAS-2） and portable chlorophyll fluorometer （PAM-2100）. The relative chlorophyll content was determined with relative chlorophyll content determination （SPAD-502）. The length and width of leaf were measured with ruler. The results showed that the SPAD of male was greater than that of the female by 9.6%. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of male and female plants showed obvious midday depression. The daily mean of net photosynthetic rate of male plant was greater than that of the female by 22. 7% , and there was signifi-cant difference between them. The daily means of transpiration rate was greater than that of the female by 18.5 %. The water use efficiency of male plant was 2.3 μmol· mmol^-1, which was greater than that of the female by 21.7%, and there was significant differences between them. The diurnal variations of light use efficiency of male and female plants were similar but the light use efficiency of male was higher. The Fp/Fm of male plant was higher than 0. 76 and was higher than that of the female during the measurement period. The female reduced to the lowest which was 0.69 at 13：00 p.m. Both the leaf length and width of female were smaller, but the ratio of length and width was greater compared with the male, and there was significant difference between them. The net photosynthet-ic rate, water use efficiency and light use efficiency of male were higher than that of female, and it had stronger a- daptability to environment.

关 键 词：火炬树 雌雄异株 光合参数 外来种 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]