滚动轴承故障诊断的阶比多尺度形态学解调方法  

Roller bearing fault diagnosis using order multi-scale morphology demodulation

作　　者：徐亚军[1] 于德介[1] 孙云嵩[1] 赵丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2013年第2期252-259,共8页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目(863计划;2009AA04Z414);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20090161110006);广东省部产学研结合资助项目(009B090300312)

摘　　要：针对变转速下滚动轴承的故障诊断问题,提出滚动轴承故障诊断的阶比多尺度形态学解调方法。该方法先采用线调频小波路径追踪算法获得轴承的故障特征频率,再对非平稳转速下时域振动信号的包络进行等角度重采样得到平稳信号,并用基于信号局部峰值的方法确定多尺度形态学分析的结构元素,用各结构元素对重采样信号进行形态学操作,最后对操作结果的平均值做频谱分析,以完成阶比多尺度形态学的解调过程。线调频小波路径追踪算法能很好地提取轴承非平稳振动信号的故障特征频率,而多尺度形态学解调是对各尺度形态学分析结果的平均值进行频谱分析,能有效地抑制噪声,从而使得该方法具有很好的抗噪性能,适用于工程实际中变转速轴承振动信号的分析。仿真分析和应用实例证明了该方法的有效性和优越性。A method for fault diagnosis of roller bearings with rotation speed fluctuation based on the order multi-scale mor- phology demodulation is proposed. The chirplet path pursuit algorithm was used to obtain the bearing fault characteristic ire- quency and then the vibration signal envelops of the roller bearing in time domain at unsteady rotation speeds were resampled at constant angle increments. An algorithm based on the local peaks of the signal was used to figure out the structure elements for multi-scale morphology analysis. The structure elements were used to carry out morphology operations on the resampled sig- nals and then spectrum analysis on the average value of the operation results was carried out, thus the order multi-scale mor- phology demodulation was accomplished. The chirplet path pursuit algorithm can extract the bearing fault characteristic fre- quency effectively even if the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal is very low. By averaging the results of each scale mor- phology analysis, the multi-scale morphology demodulation can restrain the noise effectively. Therefore the proposed approach has good anti-noise ability, and is suitable for analyzing the actual vibration signal of the bearing with rotation speed fluctua- tion. Simulations and practical application examples confirm the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed method com- pared with the envelope order spectrum based on Wigner-Ville.

关 键 词：故障诊断 滚动轴承 线调频小波 阶比跟踪 多尺度形态学 

分 类 号：TH165.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TP133.33[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]