从水土资源匹配关系看中亚地区水问题  

Water Problems Based on Spatial Matching Patterns of Water and Land Resources in Central Asia

作　　者：姚海娇[1,2] 周宏飞[1] 苏风春[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所阜康荒漠生态站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆生产建设兵团222团,新疆阜康831505

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2013年第3期391-395,共5页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家国际科技合作课题(2010DFA92720-05);国家重大基础研究计划项目(973计划)课题(2009CB421301)资助

摘　　要：中亚地区是世界上水土资源开发利用引起生态问题最突出的地区之一。运用基尼系数法和单位面积耕地所拥有的水资源量法,对中亚地区水土资源空间匹配关系进行定量分析。结果表明:中亚作为一个整体,水土资源匹配状况良好,通过调配可以达到水土资源均衡。但中亚五国间差异较大,表现为上游国家匹配状况优于下游国家。此外,通过对水土资源匹配状况的定量分析,得出中亚水问题不仅仅是量的问题,核心所在是国家间、尤其是上下游国家间对跨界河流水资源的利用与分配问题。Abstract： Central Asia is one of the most prominent areas with serious ecological and environmental problems caused by utilization and development of water and land resources. The method of Gini coefficient and the data of water resources volume per unit area of cultivated land were used to analyze the matching relationship between water and land resources in Central Asia. Results showed that the spatial matching status of water and land resources is good when the five countries in Central Asia are as a unity. Through water transfer, a balance of water and land re- sources in Central Asia can be achieved. However, the matching level of water and land resources is quite different from different countries in Central Asia, and it is higher in the upstream countries than that in the downstream countries. Therefore, water volume is not the only water problem in Central Asia, but the rational redistribution and utilization of water resources among the countries there is the key water problem, especially in the international drainage basins and among the upstream and downstream countries.

关 键 词：水土资源 匹配模式 水问题 中亚 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]