宁夏引黄灌区盐化土壤微生物区系及其指示意义  

Edaphon Faunas and Their Implications in Salinized Soil in the Ningxia Yellow River Irrigated Area

作　　者：李凤霞[1] 王学琴 郭永忠[3] 许兴[4] 柯英[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院农业资源与环境研究所,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏科技发展战略与信息研究所,宁夏银川750001 [3]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所,宁夏银川750002 [4]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2013年第3期491-496,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"银川平原盐碱地土壤微生物特征及其对土壤改良的响应(40961020)";中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目"宁夏枸杞根际微生物特征及其空间异质性研究"共同资助

摘　　要：为了有效防治土壤盐渍化的进一步发展,采用平板稀释法和常规土壤化学性质测定方法,对宁夏惠农不同程度盐渍化土壤微生物区系及其动态变化,土壤化学性质、养分含量及其与土壤微生物的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明:在盐渍化土壤区域,随着盐渍化程度的增加,土壤pH和碱化度以轻度盐渍化土壤最高,且20～40 cm土层高于0～20 cm。不同程度盐渍化土壤养分含量、细菌、真菌和放线菌数量均表现为随着盐渍化程度的加重,而呈现逐渐降低的趋势,即轻度>中度>重度,且0～20 cm土层显著高于20～40 cm。细菌、真菌和放线菌数量在不同采样时间上表现为6月>8月>9月。土壤微生物区系与土壤养分含量之间相关关系明显,细菌、真菌、放线菌数量除与土壤全钾含量之间没有达到显著水平外,与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量之间均达到显著或极显著正相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01)。因此,土壤微生物区系可以作为评价盐化土壤质量恢复及演变过程的生物指标。In order to know the dynamic change of soil edaphon faunas and the effect of soil chemical properties on edaphon in salinized soil at different degradation degrees, the distribution and seasonal dynamic change of eda- phon, soil chemical properties, nutrient content and the correlation between edaphon and soil properties at different salinization levels in Huinong, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were studied using the plate dilution method and the conventional measurement of soil chemical properties. The results showed that, in the region with salinized soil, the pH value and basieity of slightly-salinized soil was the highest with the increase of soil salinization level, and they were higher in soil layer of 20 -40 cm in depth than in soil layer of 0 -20 cm. Soil nutrient content, bacteria, fungi and aetinomycetes were all in a decrease trend with the severity increase of soil salinization, they were in an order of slightly-salinized soil 〉 moderately-salinized soil 〉 severely-salinized soil, and they were significantly higher in soil layer of 0 - 20 cm than in soil layer of 20 - 40 em. Temporally, the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomy- cetes was in an order of June 〉 August 〉 September. There was a significant correlation between edaphon faunas and soil nutrient content. There were the significant or highly significant positive correlations among the numbers of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali- hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium （ P 〈 0. 05 or P 〈 0. 01 ） except the situation with the total potassium content. Therefore, the values of soil edaphon faunas can be regarded as the biological in- dexes to evaluate soil improvement level and evolution of soil salinization.

关 键 词：盐渍化土壤 土壤微生物区系 土壤化学 土壤养分 宁夏 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]