汉江上游与渭河流域特大洪水发生规律的对比研究  

Comparative Analysis of Extreme Floods Occurred on Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River and Weihe River in 1960-2000

作　　者：仇立慧[1] 黄春长[2] 周忠学[2] 殷淑燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安文理学院文化与旅游学院,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第2期106-110,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目"历史时期汉江上游古洪水水文学研究"(41030637);陕西省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目"陕南汉江上游古洪水水文学研究"(11JK0733);国家社会科学基金重点项目"历史时期汉江上游极端性气候水文事件及其社会影响研究"(11AZS009);陕西省社会科学基金项目"清至民国陕西农业自然灾害研究"(11J052)

摘　　要：以汉江上游安康水库和渭河流域临潼站1960—2000年发生的特大洪水资料为依据,对其发生规律进行了对比研究。结果表明,汉江上游和渭河流域特大洪水的发生具有一些共同特征。主要表现在两大流域特大年径流量年份,完全与华西秋雨多雨年份相对应,但特大洪水并不都是发生在华西秋雨异常多雨年份,而是错前错后发生。受到季风活动及地理环境的影响,汉江上游和渭河流域特大洪水的发生又表现出各自的特殊性,汉江上游特大洪水主要发生在初夏和秋季,渭河流域特大洪水主要发生在盛夏和秋季;一年中汉江上游特大洪水发生时间早于渭河流域;渭河流域秋季特大洪水发生时间早于汉江上游特大洪水。Based on floods records at Ankang reservoir and Lintong observation station from 1960 to 2000, the occurrence characteristics of floods were comparatively analyzed between the upper reaches of Hanjiang River and Weihe River. The results showed that there were common feature between those two basins in terms of flood. The years recorded as extremely large floods in two basins were closely related to the years that had heavy autumn rainfalls in Southwest China. The extreme floods did not always occur in the very years that had extreme rainfalls in Southwest China, but right prior to or after those years. As affected by Asian monsoon and regional climate environment, the extreme floods mainly occur in early summer and whole autumn in upper reaches of Hanjiang River, while in mid-summer and whole autumn in reaches of Weihe River. Flood occurred generally earlier in upper reaches of Hanjiang River than in Weihe River basin during a year, while in autumn flood come earlier in Weihe River basin than in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. These findings could provide basic information for weather forecasting and flood controlling in these two basins.

关 键 词：汉江上游 渭河流域 特大洪水 发生规律 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]