中国西部地区生态承载力与生态安全空间差异分析  

Spatial Difference in Ecological Carrying Capacity and Ecological Safety in Western China

作　　者：张青[1] 任志远[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,陕西西安710062 [2]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,陕西西安710062

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2013年第2期230-235,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"黄土高原南部土地资源演变过程中的人文自然因素研究"(2009JJD770025);国家自然科学基金项目"西北黄土高原台塬区土地资源开发利用与生态安全动态分析"(41071057)

摘　　要：根据改进的生态足迹理论对中国西部地区生态安全状态进行了定量分析,以中国西部各省2010年统计年鉴数据为依据,对中国西部地区2009年的生物资源账户和能源账户的生产性生态足迹、生态承载量和生态压力指数进行了计算。结果表明:(1)2009年中国西部生物资源账户与能源账户的生态承载量均小于生态足迹,说明中国西部地区生态系统整体处于不安全状态;(2)空间上生物资源账户生态足迹整体上东部高于西部地区,南部高于北部地区,生态承载量呈现出南部明显高于北部;(3)人口的分布差异影响着人均生态承载量和承载总量的分布格局差异;(4)生物资源账户生态不安全地区面积占到中国西部地区总面积的68.6%;能源账户的生态足迹和生态压力指数较大的地方均分布在西北地区,西北地区能源账户生态足迹占到中国西部地区的75%。并揭示和提出了生产性生态压力指数较大的原因和减小生态赤字的途径。The original ecological footprint theory established based on global ecosystem is often adopted improperly in evaluation of regional ecological carrying capacity and ecological safety. The authors applied the improved ecological footprint model--productive ecological footprint, to calculate and analyze the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological footprint indicator of West China using the data pub- lished on 2009 statistical yearbook. The results showed that the ecological footprints of biological resource and energy accounts were greater than ecological carrying capacity in this area in 2009, implying the ecosys- tem of West China was in a state of insecurity. Ecological footprints of biological resources accounts in east- ern and southern parts of the area were greater than western and northern parts, and ecological carrying ca- pacity in the southern was significantly higher than the northern. The distribution of population affected the spatial pattern of ecological footprint per capita and ecological carrying capacity. The area with ecological def- icit of biological resource account accounted for 68.6 % of the total area of West China. The areas with large ecological footprints and high ecological pressure index of energy accounts were mainly distributed in the Northwestern China; the ecological footprint of energy accounts in northwest region accounted for 75% of total ecological footprint of energy accounts of Western China. In addition, the authors analyzed the causes of larger productive ecological index and discussed the means to reduce the deficits.

关 键 词：生态安全 生产性生态足迹 生态压力指数 中国西部地区 

分 类 号：P951[天文地球—自然地理学]