同源多倍体化效应研究进展  

Research Advances on Consequence of Autopolyploidy

作　　者：王家利[1,2] 王芳 郭小丽[4] 师承瑞[1] 张爱民[2] 

机构地区：[1]莱芜职业技术学院,山东莱芜271100 [2]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所/植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国水利水电科学院水资源研究所,北京100038 [4]中国农业大学生物学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第12期22-29,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"计划"作物养分高效利用的信号转导和分子网络"(2011CB100300)

摘　　要：同源多倍体在自然界中的分布非常广泛。为了全面了解与掌握同源多倍体的相关研究进展,明晰相关的研究重点与薄弱环节。对国内外相关研究成果进行了综合分析,重点介绍了多倍体的各种类型以及同源多倍体植物中基因表达变化的特点,包括基因的沉默、激活和基因表达水平的变化,探讨了基因表达变化的分子机制。另外,对基因组加倍在进化中的效应也做了阐述。研究发现,与典型的同源多倍体显著不同的是,不少二倍体化的同源多倍体基因组出现缩减的现象。有限的研究资料显示,基因组加倍后的最初几代内没有经历剧烈的基因重构,也没有经历广泛的基因组重组。生物地理学及生态学研究发现同源多倍体的产生与环境的改变有紧密的联系。与异源多倍体相比,同源多倍体的研究还没有得到应有的重视。今后应对同源多倍体基因组的大小和基因表达模式进行不同层次与系统的研究。可以预见同源多倍体在农作物品种改良及农业生产上的积极作用将非常深远。Autopolyploidy is more common in plants than traditionally assumed. In order to master the research progress of autopolyploidy and get to know the research emphasis and weak link, the author analyzed the research results at home and abroad, introduced the different types of polyploidy and the changes in gene expression in autopolyploidy, including silencing, activation, and altered expression of genes and discussed the molecular mechanisms of these changes. Furthermore we also reviewed the evolution consequence of autopolyploidy. In contrast to the additive value of genome size in typical autopolyploids, nuclear DNA amount in cytologically diploidized autotetraploids exhibits considerable genome downsizing. The limited evidence currently available suggests that autopolyploids neither experience strong genome restructuring nor wide reorganization of gene expression during the first generations following genome doubling. Biogeographic and ecological surveys point to an association between the formation of autopolyploid lineages and environmentalchange. Autopolyploidy has received little attention compared with allopolyploidy. The systematic studies at different levels on genome size and gene expression patters in autotetraploids are needed. It forecasted the important autotetraploids in crops breeding and agricultrure in the future.

关 键 词：同源多倍体 基因组大小 基因表达 

分 类 号：Q3[生物学—遗传学]