湖南省稻田土壤氮素肥力及氮矿化特征  

Status of Soil Nitrogen and Nitrogen Mineralization Characteristic in Paddy Soil of Hunan Province

作　　者：彭银燕[1] 黄运湘[1] 尹力初[1] 孙梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2013年第12期109-114,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖南省研究生科技创新项目"不同施肥方式和地下水位对稻田土壤氮素矿化特征及供氮能力的影响"(CX2011B312)

摘　　要：为探明湖南省稻田土壤氮素肥力及其矿化特征,选择长沙县3种母质类型发育的3种稻作制土壤,采用Waring和Bremner淹水密闭2周培养法（改进法）研究土壤矿化氮量,并预测土壤供氮能力。结果表明,土壤全氮和碱解氮分别变化于0.60~1.50g/kg和84.10~182.70mg/kg,呈正态分布。土壤矿化氮量的变化范围为24.53~84.61mg/kg,与土壤全氮和土壤碱解氮含量之间有显著和极显著的正相关关系（r=0.492＊,r=0.535＊＊）。土壤氮矿化势（N0）的变化范围为65.70~170.09mg/kg,矿化速率常数（c）在0.0083~0.0386之间。土壤供氮量为112.51~422.10kg/hm2,供氮率为7.07%~23.53%。3种母质类型,以花岗岩风化物发育的水稻土供氮潜力最高,明显高于第四纪红土母质和河流冲积物发育的水稻土;3种稻作制,以水稻改旱作3~5年后的土壤供氮潜力最低,明显低于水旱轮作和双季稻田土壤。In order to investigate the characteristic of N fertility and N mineralization in paddy soil of Hunan Province, waterflooded incubation two weeks （improved method） was proposed by Waring and Bremer to study the N mineralization characteristic of three rice based cropping systems paddy soil derived from three kinds of type of parent material in Changsha County, also forecasted the nitrogen supplying capacity of soil. The results showed that, total N and alkaline hydrolytic N of tested soil respectively varied from 0.60-1.50 g/k and 84.10-182.70 mg/kg, and showed normal distribution. The mineralizable N of tested soil varied from 24.53-84.61 mg/kg, there was significantly positive correlation between the mineralizable N and total N （r=0.492）, and extremely significantly positive correlation between the mineralizable N and alkaline hydrolytic N （r=-0.535）. The potentially mineralizable N of tested soil varied from 65.70-170.09 mg/kg, and the mineralization rate constant （c） varied from 0.0083-0.0386. The amount of N supply forecasted in tested soil was 112.51-422.10 k/hm^2, and the rate of N supply was 7.07%-23.53%. Among three kinds of parent material, the N supply potentiality of tested soil derived from granite weathered material was obviously higher than that of the soil derived from the quaternary red clay and river alluvium; among three based cropping systems, the N supply potentiality in tested soil of rice field transform upland field in 3-5 years was obviously lower than that soil of rice field-upland field rotation and double cropping flee.

关 键 词：水稻土 矿化氮量 全氮 碱解氮 供氮量 供氮率 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]