纤维矿物粉尘环境矿物学与环境医学研究的新进展  

New Advances in the Study of Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental Medicine of the Fibrous Mineral Dusts

作　　者：董发勤[1] 万朴[1] 彭同江[1] 吴逢春[2] 庄稼[1] 冯启明[1] 宋功保[1] 李国武[1] 邓建军[2] 赵世泉[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南工学院,四川绵阳621002 [2]四川省绵阳市第四人民医院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《岩石矿物学杂志》2000年第3期193-198,211,共7页Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目!(编号 :4 950 2 0 2 5)

摘　　要：本文全面评述了纤维矿物粉尘在环境安全性方面的研究成果与目前存在的主要不足 ,提出除应注重纤维间的特性差异 (纤维剂量、长度、细度 )的要求外 ,还应注意制样方法、样品产地、成因、成分等方面的影响 ,强调纤维断键、活性自由基、活性中心、纤维电荷、催化性质、氧化-还原强度、“表面介体”等因素的作用 ,阐明从表面活性及矿物 -生物化学作用方面揭示纤维粉尘致病机理的重要性 ,即从矿物表面官能团、表面综合性状来探讨天然纤维材料的表面化学活性———生物活性———生物持久性———生物毒性———环境安全性 ,寻求从工业矿物、环境医学。This paper reviews the fruitful results and main shortcomings in the study of the environmental safety of fibrous mineral dusts, and proposes that attention should be paid not only to the requirements of characteristic divergences in fiber dose, length and fineness but also to the impacts of the method of sample preparation, sample locality, origin, composition etc. Emphasis is put on the effects of the broken bonds of fiber, active free radicals, activity center, fiber charge, catalysis, oxidization_reduction, “surface media” etc. The authors explain the importance of revealing the disease_causing mechanism of fiber dusts from the surface activity and mineral_bio_chemical processes, i.e. discuss the surface chemical activity_biological activity_biological toxicity_bio_resistibility environmental safety of natural fiber material from the surface groups and total features of minerals, and seek to assess an attribute of mineral application from a combination of industrial minerals, environmental medicine and material value. Finally, the authors suggest that consensus should be reached on the definition of fibers, sample surface and test method, and that the types of asbestos minerals should be strictly distinguished.

关 键 词：矿物纤维 环境矿物学 纤维矿物粉尘 环境医学 

分 类 号：P57[天文地球—矿物学] R135.2[天文地球—地质学]