基于空间数据的太子河河流生境分类  

River Habitats Classification in Taizi River Based on Spatial Data

作　　者：孔维静[1] 张远[1] 王一涵[1] 孟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,流域水生态保护技术研究室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2013年第5期487-493,共7页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-001-02)

摘　　要：在文献调研的基础上,结合河流特征和专家经验确定分类使用的指标,利用DEM、河流水系等空间数据,在ArcGIS软件下提取子流域,并计算子流域内河流系统的坡降、蜿蜒度、河网密度和河流等级4个分类指标值,应用聚类分析方法对太子河河流生境进行分类,将太子河河流生境分为源头陡峭河流生境、源头弯曲河流生境、源头河流生境、支流中下游河流生境、平原支流密集河网生境、支流弯曲河流生境、干流下游生境和干流蜿蜒河流生境等8种类型,各类型河流长度在223.8～773.1 km之间,其中支流弯曲河流生境最长,而干流下游生境最短.根据各生境类型的特征,提出了我国东北地区河流生境分类的指标参考值;根据不同生境类型的河道侵蚀、水量以及多样性潜力等特征,提出了不同河流生境类型的环境管理对策.Indices for classification were chosen based on published literature, riverine system features, and expert experience. With spatial data of DEM and the river network, the subcatchment was extracted, and spatial data, including rive slope, sinuosity, river network density, and stream order, was calculated in of ArcGIS. The habitat classification was conducted through clustering methods using R software, with classification standards of different indices. The habitat in Taizi River was classified into eight types according to the differences of indices among habitat types, and subsequently named as steep headwater habitat, sinuous headwater habitat, headwater habitat, middle and lower tributaries habitat, plain dense tributary network habitat, sinuous tributary habitat, lower main stream habitat, and sinuous main stream habitat. Lengths of each habitat ranged from 223.8 to 773.1 kin, with the longest habitat for the sinuous tributary and the shortest habitat for the lower main stream. Finally, the management strategy was proposed for different habitat types according to features of erosion, water volume, and diversity potential.

关 键 词：河流 生境 分类 坡降 蜿蜒度 河网密度 河流等级 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]