中国古代治国理念及其转变——以宋朝“崇文抑武”治国理念为中心  

Ideas on Governance and Their Changes throughout Imperial China:Centered on the Song Dynasty Idea of “Fostering Culture and Restraining Military Force”

作　　者：陈峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第3期118-127,167-168,共10页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学规划项目"宋代治国理念及其实践研究"(编号:09XJA770003)的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：中国古代历史上,秦与汉唐统一帝国在较长时期里奉行了文武并重的治国理念,力图保持文治与武功的平衡。当其强盛之时,一方面对内强化统治与建设,一方面对外采取积极的边防攻势,从而维持了大一统的格局。但其长期的对外战争也加重了国力的负担,导致社会矛盾加剧,并最终削弱统治能力。宋初统治者也有延续以往治国理念的用意,然而宋太宗两次北伐失败后,转而以内部建设为主,对外则采取被动防御的战略,崇文抑武开始成为其治国理念。此后,这一理念得到继承和巩固,由此在内部秩序、社会经济及文教发展上获得前所未有的成就,却在边防上产生了巨大的消极影响。In the history of imperial China , the unified empires of Qin , Han and Tang had pursued governing principle of emphasizing culture as much as military force , and attempted to keep the balance between the two.In times of prosperity the empires strengthened domestic rule and infrastructure , and were active in border defense to the point of minor expansion , thus successfully maintaining sustained unity.However , the long-term foreign wars increased the burden on the empire , escalated the social unrest , and weakened the central government.The emperors of the early Song Dynasty had the intention of carrying on traditional ideas of governance , but after two failed northern expeditions , Song Emperor Taizong turned his focus to internal construction and adopted defense as the military strategy.Fostering culture and restraining the military became the ruling idea of the Song Dynasty.Thereafter the idea became entrenched , and gained unprecedented achievements in internal order , social economics , culture and education , while proving very costly for border defense.

关 键 词：宋朝 治国理念 文武并重 崇文抑武 

分 类 号：D092[政治法律—政治学] K244[历史地理—历史学]