近50年环青海湖高寒地区和环鄱阳湖湿润地区潜在蒸散变化比较分析  

Comparison and Analysis on the Variation of Potential Evapotranspiration across the Qinghai Lake and the Poyang Lake in Recent 50 Years

作　　者：王文玉[1,2,3] 杨沈斌[2] 张强[1,3] 吕开龙[2] 孙翔宇[2] 肖雯[2] 胡勇[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [3]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2013年第3期866-873,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830957);国家公益性行业科研专项(GYHY200806021);南京信息工程大学大学生实践创新训练计划项目(10cx029)资助

摘　　要：选择地理位置和气候环境差异较大的环青海湖地区和环鄱阳湖地区,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算两地区近50年潜在蒸散,并分析其时空变化规律,提取影响潜在蒸散的主要气候因子,探讨两地区的气候特征差异。结果表明:近50年来,环鄱阳湖地区潜在蒸散年总量呈现逐年减少的趋势,倾向率达到-2.2mm.a-1,环青海湖地区潜在蒸散年总量未呈现明显的变化特征,倾向率为-0.02mm.a-1;两地区潜在蒸散年总量在空间分布上具有明显差异。在影响潜在蒸散的各主要气象因素中,日照时数、温度、风速与潜在蒸散呈正相关关系,水汽压与潜在蒸散表现为负相关关系,不同地区各气象要素对潜在蒸散的贡献大小不同,主要的影响因子是温度,其次是风速;但在局部可能出现其他气象因子的综合作用大于温度对潜在蒸散变化的影响的情况。In this study, the areas around the Qinghai Lake and the Poyang Lake, which are quite different in climate environment and geographical location, are selected as studied areas. The temporal and spatial variation of potential evapotranspiration of these two areas is analyzed. The main meteorological factor ETo Was extracted and the difference of climate between the two areas was discussed. Major results are as follows： The ETo in the area around the Poyang Lake shows a declining tendency with dumping rate of --2.2 mm. a-1 during the past 50 years, while the potential evapotranspiration in the area around the Qinghai Lake does not show significant amount of inter-annual variation with dumping rate of --0.02 mm. a-1. The spatial distributions of ETo for the two areas are of a significant difference. Among the main meteorological factors affecting ETo, sunshine duration, temperature and wind speed positively correlated with potential evapotranspiration, while the vapor pressure showed a negative correlation. The contribution of meteorological elements in different parts is of different sizes. Among them, the primary factor is temperature, followed by wind speed. However, the combined effects of local meteorological factors may be greater than the effects of temperature change to ETo.

关 键 词：潜在蒸散 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 时空分布 青海湖 鄱阳湖 

分 类 号：P463.24[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]