水土资源约束下保障粮食安全的战略思考  

Thinking of Agriculture Development in China Based on Regional Water Resources and Land Cultivation

作　　者：王浩 杨贵羽 杨朝晖 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室,北京100038

出　　处：《中国科学院院刊》2013年第3期329-336,321,共9页Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2010CB951100);国家自然科学基金重点项目(50939006);国家自然基金委创新研究群体科学基金项目"流域水循环模拟与调控"(51021066)

摘　　要：粮食安全是世界性问题,我国作为农业大国,由于人口基数庞大,对粮食刚性需求量较大的现实,粮食安全更是世界关注的焦点。面对我国农业生产和粮食安全存在的问题,文章通过对影响我国粮食生产的两大刚性约束——土地资源和水资源,系统阐述了我国保障农业生产和粮食安全所面临的挑战;为从根本上缓解农业水土资源不足,从耕地和农业水资源两方面提出了相应的调控措施。即在耕地资源方面,要在适度发展耕地后备资源的基础上,加强现有耕地数量和生产能力保护;在农业水资源方面,应结合农业水循环的特点,从"开源"上重视径流和非径流性水资源,在"节流"上加强农业耗水管理的根本策略;最后围绕农业水资源动态转化的中心环节——土壤水资源的循环特性,结合土壤水资源的消耗效率,进一步系统阐述了土壤水资源的调控方向。Food security is one of the problems in the whole world. As an agricultural country with large population, China＇ s food security has become a focus issue in the world for a long time. The paper firstly describes the challenge faced in China＇ s agricultural product and food security by analyzing the two rigid constrains of water use and land cultivation. Then, to solve the issues of agricultural water scarcity and land resources shortage, the regulation strategy are put forward according to the uti- lization situation of the land cultivation and agricultural water resources. For the land cultivation, the amount of the land culti- vation and their product capacity should be rationally protected when the reserve land cultivate are appropriately developed. For the agricultural water resources, the basic measures are provided from the view point of development of water resources and water saving based on the agricultural water cycle process. Namely, all kinds of water resources which may be utilized in agriculture, including the no-runoff water resources and runoff water resources, should be rationally used. At the same time, wa- ter resources consumption management should be further strengthened based on the water cycle process. Finally, considering the soil water resources is a core linkage in agricultural water cycle and its low utilization efficiency, the regulating direction of the soil water resources are analyzed in detail based on the soil water resources consumption efficiency.

关 键 词：粮食安全 农业发展 水资源 土壤水资源 农业水循环 调控策略 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]