国产乌头属(毛茛科)的种子形态及其系统学意义  

Seed Morphology in Some Chinese Species of Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) and Its Systematic Implications

作　　者：孔航辉 高乞[2] 罗艳[3] 杨亲二 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院华南植物园,中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,广东广州510650 [2]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [3]中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园,云南勐腊666303

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2013年第3期241-252,共12页Plant Diversity

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2007FY110100)

摘　　要：对中国毛茛科乌头属植物57种、5变种的种子形态进行了扫描电镜观察,结果发现:(1)种皮微形态特征在属内颇为稳定,种子表皮细胞多为长方形(仅露蕊乌头的种子表皮细胞为圆形或椭圆形),具有疏密不一的瘤状纹饰;(2)种子形态在亚属水平上有较大区别,特别是其中的单型亚属——露蕊乌头亚属的种子表面具有较为复杂的网状凹陷,与牛扁亚属和乌头亚属的种子(表面相当平滑)明显不同;(3)种子形态在牛扁亚属和乌头亚属中都有明显的分化,所观察的牛扁亚属的种子可分为两个类型,乌头亚属的种子可分为4个类型。根据上述结果,讨论了乌头属种子形态的分类和系统学价值。Seed morphology in 57 species and 5 varieties representative of the main Chinese groups of Aconitum （Ranunculaceae） was investigated under scanning electron microscope （SEM） in an attempt to evaluate its taxo- nomic significance. The results are ： （1） Great constancy of seed coat microcharacteristics was observed within the genus. All the taxa studied exhibit a warty ornamentation of the integument epidermal ceils. （2） Marked differences of seed gross-morphology were observed among the three subgenera （Lycoctonum, Aconitum, and Gymnaconitum） of the genus. In particular, seeds of subgen. Gymnaconitum are distinctly different by having round- or elliptic-shaped integument epidermal cells from those of subgenera Aconitum and Lycoctonum which have rectangular-shaped epider- mal cells. （3） Seeds of the species studied within subgen. Lycoctonum fall into two types. Seeds in A. novoluridum （the only species in sect. Alatospermum） are longitudinally very narrowly winged along three ridges and hardly squa- mate, and may represent the most primitive seed type of the genus Aconitum. Seeds in sect. Lycoctonum are com- monly 1-ridged, and more or less transversely squamate. Seeds within subgen. Aconitum are divisible into four types. Those in A. tanguticum （ser. Tangutica）, which are provided with three equally developed longitudinal wings along the edges and with smooth faces, may be regarded as the simplest type within the subgenus. Another seed type with three edges and smooth faces but with some tubercles arranged transversely on the surface of epidermal cells, isapparent in species of set. Brachypoda. Aconitum hicksii （ ser. Bullatifolia ） and A. brunneum （ ser. Brunnea ） also have this seed type. In the third and fourth types, the complete disappearance of the two longitudinal wings is cou- pled with considerable development of transverse membranous wings, but the third type （ only found in A. pulchellum of ser. Rotundifolia） has much narrower wings than the fourth type （o

关 键 词：乌头属 种子形态 种皮微形态 系统学意义 分类学 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学]