风毛菊属雪兔子亚属瘦果形态及其分类学意义  

Achene Morphological Features of Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne (Asteraceae) and Its Taxonomical Significance

作　　者：许炳强[1] 郑朝汉[1,2] 童毅华[1,2] 周伟[3] 夏念和[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室,广东广州510650 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏省中国科学院植物研究所,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《植物分类与资源学报》2013年第3期253-264,共12页Plant Diversity

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项重点项目(2007FY110100);中国科学院华南植物园科研启动项目(201301);国家自然科学基金项目(30499340;39899400);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KSCX-SW-122)

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜观察了风毛菊属(Saussurea)雪兔子亚属及其近缘类群共28种植物的瘦果形态。结果表明:同一种内,瘦果形状、大小、颜色、纹饰等都比较稳定。草甸雪兔子和星状雪兔子具有不同程度的齿冠而与雪兔子亚属其它种类的瘦果不同。雪兔子亚属瘦果表面纹饰主要为条纹型,表现出相对的一致性。条纹可以进一步分为有隔条纹、无隔条纹及过渡类型3亚型,条纹的亚型和组的划分有一定的相关性,并表现出一定的演化关系。其它类群的瘦果表面纹饰有条纹型、网纹型、复合型、胞状纹饰4种类型。麻花头属、牛蒡属、飞廉属代表种的瘦果表面纹饰为条纹型,和雪兔子亚属比较近缘。The achene morphological features of 28 species of Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne and some close related taxa were observed under scanning electronic microscope. The shape, size, colour and ornamentation of the achenes of Sau- ssurea subg. Eriocoryne are stable at the species level. The apex of the pericarp of S. stella and S. thoroldii are elonga- ted into an irregularly dentate crown, which made them different from the other species in Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne. The ornamentation of the surface sculpture of Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne is striate, and the striate ornamentation can be divided into 3 subtypes： no diaphragm, diaphragmatic, transitional between diaphragmatic and no diaphragm, which is associated with the sectional division in Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne. The subtypes of the ormantation also re- vealed some morphological evolutionary trends at the section level. The ornamentation of the surface sculpture of the rest species observed are striate, reticulate, areolate and compound. The striate surface sculpture of the species ob- served in Serratula, Arctium and Carduus showed the close relationship between them and Saussurea subg. Eriocoryne.

关 键 词：雪兔子亚属 瘦果形态 分类学 

分 类 号：Q944[生物学—植物学] Q949