贵州“十一五”农业自然灾害的时空分异及对社会环境的影响  

Spatial-temporal Variance of Agricultural Natural Disasters and Its Impact on Social Environment During 11th Five-Year Period in Guizhou

作　　者：华蓉[1] 安裕伦[1] 杨广斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550001

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2013年第4期59-62,共4页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技厅项目"贵州亚喀斯特准生态脆弱区自然特征与保护利用"[黔省专合字(2011)46];贵州省省长基金项目"喀斯特石漠化信息遥感定量提取技术研究"[黔科合(2007)3017];贵州省科技厅工业攻关项目"贵州省数字环保关键技术研究及应用示范"[黔科合重大专项字(2012)6007];贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长专项资金项目"数字贵州环保数据共享与交换平台研建"[黔省专合字(2008)33)]

摘　　要：为弄清"十一五"期间农业自然灾害发生的变化规律,采用GIS相关统计方法,对贵州省"十一五"期间农业自然灾害的灾情数据进行了统计分析。结果表明:农业自然灾害时空分布规律以旱涝、雹雨、低温等为主的气象灾害发生强度大、频率高、影响范围广,其中旱灾已成为近年来灾害的主要形式,大江大河沿岸是主要洪涝区。地质灾害主要集中于省内的黔北和黔东地区,由于人类活动的影响,有向黔中地区扩展的趋势;病虫害灾害呈持续重发态势,主要分布于南部地区;受灾人口呈波动上升趋势,灾害影响范围呈扩大趋势,因灾导致的饮水困难人口呈下降趋势,农业经济损失在直接经济损失中所占的比重仍很高。自然灾害对社会环境的影响已日益突出,做好防灾宣传及灾害预防应成为今后防灾、减灾的主要工作。The data of agricultural natural disasters during llth Five-Year period in Guizgou were statistically analyzed by GIS to study its change regulation. The results showed that the spatial-temporal distribution regulation of agricultural natural disasters was meteorological disasters of drought, flood, hail and low temperature mainly, and the meteorological disasters had the feature of higher intensity and frequency and wide influnce range. The drought disaster was the main form in recent years. The main flood area occured along the bank of large rivers. The geological disasters concentrated mainly in Northern Guizhou and Eastern Guizhou but there was an expansion trend to Central Guizhou because of impact of human activities. The heavy and continuous pest and disease damage was mainly distributed in Southern Guizhou. The disaster-affected population and disaster influence range both presented a rising trend. The population lacking drinking water presented a declining trend. Agricultural financial loss had a higher proportion in direct financial loss. The main measures for disaster prevention and reduction are propaganda and construction of the disaster Drevension mechanism in Guizhou.

关 键 词：农业自然灾害 时空分异 社会环境 贵州 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学] X43[农业科学—农业基础科学]