现代汉语兼类问题研究——兼评索绪尔语言学思想的重要价值  

A Study of Multiple Class Membership in Modern Chinese with a Comment on the Significance of the Linguistic Theories of Ferdinand de Saussure

作　　者：王仁强[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川外语学院研究生部,重庆400031

出　　处：《外国语文》2013年第1期12-20,共9页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(批准号:08XYY009);重庆市首批高校优秀人才支持计划资助项目(渝教人〔2009〕2号)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在现代汉语语法本体研究和现代汉语词典词类标注研究中,兼类问题尤为棘手,且最具争议。基于"《现代汉语词典》(第5版)词类标注数据库"和国家语委现代汉语语料库,从词典学、认知语言学和语言类型学等视角对该词典中的词条兼类情况进行了深入研究。结果显示,该词典兼类词处理策略与其高阶母语词典定位密切相关;其对所收词条的典型词类归属以及各个词类范畴的典型成员实现了较为准确的标注,但在词条兼类问题的处理上略显保守,导致其词类描写一方面与汉语社团的语言使用现实不完全相符,另一方面又凸显现代汉语兼类研究所存在的理论偏差,如坚持兼类要少的所谓语法分析的"简略原则"被证明是行不通的。最后针对现代汉语兼类问题,对索绪尔语言学思想的重要价值进行了评价。Handling multiple class membership is the most knotty and controversial issue in the studies of modem Chinese grammar and its word class labeling. Based on the Database of the Word Class Labeling Information in The Contemporary Chinese Dictionary （5th edition） and the Modern Chinese Corpus developed by the National Language Committee of China, an in-depth survey of the headwords with multiple parts-of-speech in the dictionary is conducted from the perspectives of lexicography, cognitive linguistics and language typology. The findings show that the strategy employed in dealing with multi-category words in CCD5 is closely related to its user orientation of advanced native Chinese speakers, and that CCD5 has basically labeled with more accuracy the typical parts-of-speech for the headwords and the typical members of the relevant word classes, but it is somewhat conservative in dealing with multiple class membership. As a result, the description of the headwords in the dictionary is partially consistent with the reality of language use in the Chinese community, which also reveals the invalid theoretical basis for multiple class membership ： the so-called ＂Principle of Simplicity＂ in grammar analysis which sticks to the principle of ＂fewest possible multi-category words＂ is proved to be problematic. The paper ends with a review of the significance of the linguistic theories of Saussure with regard to the study of multiple class membership in modem Chinese.

关 键 词：现代汉语 《现代汉语词典》(第5版) 兼类词 简略原则 索绪尔语言学思想 

分 类 号：H061[语言文字—语言学]